{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T13:52:52Z","timestamp":1782827572385,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,26]],"date-time":"2023-03-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1679788800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Scandinavian Med Sci Sports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Physiological differences have been reported between individuals who have habitual low (LOW) and high (HIGH) water intake (WI). The aims of this study were to explore body water compartments, hydration status, and fat\u2010free mass (FFM) hydration of elite athletes exposed to different habitual WI. A total of 68 athletes (20.6\u2009\u00b1\u20095.3\u2009years, 23 females) participated in this observational cross\u2010sectional study. Total WI was assessed by seven\u2010day food diaries and through WI, athletes were categorized as HIGH (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200928, WI\u226540.0\u2009mL\/kg\/d) and LOW (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200940, WI\u226435.0\u2009mL\/kg\/d). Total body water (TBW) and extracellular water (ECW) were determined by dilution techniques and intracellular water (ICW) as TBW\u2010ECW. Hydration status was assessed by urine\u2010specific gravity (USG) using a refractometer. Fat (FM) and FFM were assessed by dual\u2010energy X\u2010ray absorptiometry (DXA). The FFM hydration was calculated by TBW\/FFM. The USG was statistically different between groups for females (LOW: 1.024\u2009\u00b1\u20090.003; HIGH: 1.015\u2009\u00b1\u20090.006; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.005) and males (LOW: 1.024\u2009\u00b1\u20090.002; HIGH: 1.018\u2009\u00b1\u20090.005; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). No differences between groups were detected in body water compartments and FFM hydration in both sexes (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&gt;\u20090.05). Multiple regression showed that WI remains a predictor of USG regardless of FFM, age, and sex (<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009\u22120.0004, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01). We concluded that LOW athletes were classified as dehydrated through USG although their water compartments were not different from HIGH athletes. These results suggest that LOW athletes may expectedly maintain the body water compartments' homeostasis through endocrine mechanisms. Interventions should be taken to encourage athletes to have sufficient WI to maintain optimal hydration.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.14355","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,23]],"date-time":"2023-03-23T13:53:52Z","timestamp":1679579632000},"page":"1072-1078","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Athletes with different habitual fluid intakes differ in hydration status but not in body water compartments"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"R\u00faben","family":"Francisco","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Exercise and Health Laboratory, CIPER, Faculdade Motricidade Humana Universidade de Lisboa  Lisbon Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Filipe","family":"Jesus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Exercise and Health Laboratory, CIPER, Faculdade Motricidade Humana Universidade de Lisboa  Lisbon Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catarina L.","family":"Nunes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Exercise and Health Laboratory, CIPER, Faculdade Motricidade Humana Universidade de Lisboa  Lisbon Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iolanda","family":"Cioffi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery Federico II University Hospital  Naples Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Alvim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge  Lisbon Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Goncalo V.","family":"Mendonca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuromuscular Research Lab, CIPER, Faculdade Motricidade Humana Universidade de Lisboa  Lisbon Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henry","family":"Lukaski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Kinesiology and Public Health Education, Hyslop Sports Center University of North Dakota  Grand Forks North Dakota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6230-6027","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lu\u00eds B.","family":"Sardinha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Exercise and Health Laboratory, CIPER, Faculdade Motricidade Humana Universidade de Lisboa  Lisbon Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Analiza M.","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Exercise and Health Laboratory, CIPER, Faculdade Motricidade Humana Universidade de Lisboa  Lisbon 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