{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T16:19:03Z","timestamp":1791908343883,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":118,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,20]],"date-time":"2023-07-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1689811200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009708","name":"Novo Nordisk Fonden","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009708","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Scandinavian Med Sci Sports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Athletes often experience lower airway dysfunction, such as asthma and exercise\u2010induced bronchoconstriction (EIB), which affects more than half the athletes in some sports, not least in endurance sports. Symptoms include coughing, wheezing, and breathlessness, alongside airway narrowing, hyperresponsiveness, and inflammation. Early diagnosis and management are essential. Not only because untreated or poorly managed asthma and EIB potentially affects competition performance and training, but also because untreated airway inflammation can result in airway epithelial damage, remodeling, and fibrosis. Asthma and EIB do not hinder performance, as advancements in treatment strategies have made it possible for affected athletes to compete at the highest level. However, practitioners and athletes must ensure that the treatment complies with general guidelines and anti\u2010doping regulations to prevent the risk of a doping sanction because of inadvertently exceeding specified dosing limits. In this review, we describe considerations and challenges in diagnosing and managing athletes with asthma and EIB. We also discuss challenges facing athletes with asthma and EIB, while also being subject to anti\u2010doping regulations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.14358","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,25]],"date-time":"2023-03-25T19:39:20Z","timestamp":1679773160000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Asthma and exercise\u2010induced bronchoconstriction in athletes: Diagnosis, treatment, and anti\u2010doping challenges"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6201-2483","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Morten","family":"Hostrup","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The August Krogh Section, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports University of Copenhagen  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erik S. H.","family":"Hansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Physical Activity Research (CFAS), Rigshospitalet  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S\u00f8ren M.","family":"Rasmussen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Physical Activity Research (CFAS), Rigshospitalet  Copenhagen Denmark"},{"name":"Medical Department Nyk\u00f8bing Falster Hospital  Nyk\u00f8bing Falster Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7461-1264","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S\u00f8ren","family":"Jessen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The August Krogh Section, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports University of Copenhagen  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vibeke","family":"Backer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Physical Activity Research (CFAS), Rigshospitalet  Copenhagen Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head &amp; Neck Surgery and Audiology Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2021-104601"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/3887471"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0838.2007.00753.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/resp.12859"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1398-9995.2008.01662.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2008.07.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/all.15313"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.123.3_suppl.411S"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2006.07.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MCP.0000000000000339"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1407552"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2022.03.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2004.037499"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2015.01.041"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iac.2013.02.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2012-091056"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0b013e318203c0ef"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-014-0238-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0037-1606215"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005768-200102000-00006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anai.2020.01.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2021.10.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","unstructured":"World Anti\u2010Doping Agency.Prohibited List 2023.2023. Accessed May 3 2023.https:\/\/www.wada\u2010ama.org\/sites\/default\/files\/2022\u201001\/2022list_final_en_0.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.2004.tb06121.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0954-6111(08)80071-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2014-094053"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"BrighamEP WestNE.Diagnosis of asthma: diagnostic testing. Paper Presented at: International Forum of Allergy & Rhinology2015.","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.21597"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iac.2018.01.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2022-106059"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mai.2002.127784"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-016-0491-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2016.05.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2008.06.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/2052-1847-5-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2015.08.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/17476348.2013.847370"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200208-916OC"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/all.14305"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2010.07.032"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.10-0116"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2222.2007.02878.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2006.12.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resp.2019.103262"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2009.071043"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2008.04.041"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000001008"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ACI.0000000000000149"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2016-208704"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2007.036335"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0954-6111(99)90039-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02770903.2016.1195843"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4187\/respcare.04553"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/crj.12210"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2021-104704"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/23120541.00122-2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iac.2018.01.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1901963"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1398-9995.2008.01663.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1874306401004010048"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.165.8.200111-091bc"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_9_62_1","article-title":"Exercise\u2010induced bronchospasm in elite athletes","volume":"14","author":"Pigakis KM","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1138\/23120541.00643\u20102022"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.13544"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/JP274970"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.07-2048"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/all.13224"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/all.13208"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_9_69_1","first-page":"16","article-title":"Targeted biologic therapy for asthma","volume":"133","author":"Hynes G","year":"2020","journal-title":"Br Med Bull"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.161.6.9907025"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2004.05.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2007.09.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0954-6111(06)80232-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0030-1249624"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iac.2018.01.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e31822fb73a"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0167318"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.129.5.1188"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1980.03310190048024"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-9877(87)90037-5"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_9_81_1","article-title":"Caffeine for asthma","volume":"2010","author":"Welsh EJ","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2007.02.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02770903.2016.1196368"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dta.2728"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00319.2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/JP282421"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.13221"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/JP275560"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-021-01450-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/JP281819"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.12312"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-014-2970-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00364.2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_94_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/00005768-199206000-00005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.12096"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_96_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000000732"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_97_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.12298"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_98_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/all.14735"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_99_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2004-821223"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_100_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2004-821224"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_101_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2006.026237"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_102_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2006.033845"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_103_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-011-2307-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_104_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e31816b87aa"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_105_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e3182951d2d"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_106_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005768-200007000-00018"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_107_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00553.2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_108_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3810\/psm.2010.10.1817"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_109_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-013-2784-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_110_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2018-100196"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_111_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dta.2978"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_112_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dta.3437"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_113_1","unstructured":"World Anti\u2010Doping Agency.Glucocorticoids and Therapeutic Use Exemptions Guidelines.2021. Accessed February 2023.https:\/\/www.wada\u2010ama.org\/en\/resources\/therapeutic\u2010use\u2010exemption\/glucocorticoids\u2010and\u2010therapeutic\u2010use\u2010exemptions\u2010guidelines"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_114_1","unstructured":"cyclingweekly.com.Simon Yates \u2018embarrassed and ashamed\u2019 over anti\u2010doping rule violation.2016. Accessed February 7 2023.https:\/\/www.cyclingweekly.com\/news\/latest\u2010news\/simon\u2010yates\u2010embarrassed\u2010ashamed\u2010anti\u2010doping\u2010rule\u2010violation\u2010234053"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_115_1","unstructured":"World Anti\u2010Doping Agency.Anti\u2010Doping Testing Figures Report 2018.2020. Accessed August 9 2022.https:\/\/www.wada\u2010ama.org\/sites\/default\/files\/2022\u201001\/2020_anti\u2010doping_testing_figures_en.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_116_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JSM.0000000000000072"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_117_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dta.1828"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_118_1","unstructured":"vaildaily.com.Asthma advantage.2018. Accessed February 7 2023.https:\/\/www.vaildaily.com\/news\/asthma\u2010advantage\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_119_1","unstructured":"Network AA.Athletes With Asthma: There's No Stopping Them At the Olympics. Accessed February 7 2023.https:\/\/allergyasthmanetwork.org\/news\/olympic\u2010athletes\u2010with\u2010asthma\/"}],"container-title":["Scandinavian Journal of Medicine &amp; Science in Sports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/sms.14358","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,23]],"date-time":"2024-07-23T08:48:55Z","timestamp":1721724535000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/sms.14358"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,20]]},"references-count":118,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/sms.14358"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/sms.14358","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0905-7188","1600-0838"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0905-7188","type":"print"},{"value":"1600-0838","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-08-23","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-03-17","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-07-20","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e14358"}}