{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,8]],"date-time":"2026-08-08T19:33:38Z","timestamp":1786217618586,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,30]],"date-time":"2023-05-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685404800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Scandinavian Med Sci Sports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>To examine the associations between longitudinal physical activity (PA) patterns and the development of cardiometabolic risk factors from adolescence to young adulthood.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This cohort study encompassed 250 participants recruited from sports clubs and schools, and examined at mean age 15 and 19. Device\u2010measured moderate\u2010to\u2010vigorous PA was grouped into five patterns (via a data\u2010driven method, using<jats:italic>inactivity maintainers<\/jats:italic>as a reference). The outcomes were:<jats:italic>glucose<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>insulin<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance<\/jats:italic>(<jats:italic>HOMA\u2010IR<\/jats:italic>),<jats:italic>total cholesterol<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>HDL and LDL cholesterol<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>triglycerides<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>blood pressure<\/jats:italic>, and<jats:italic>body mass index<\/jats:italic>(<jats:italic>BMI<\/jats:italic>). Linear growth curve models were applied with adjustment for sex, age, fruit\/vegetable consumption, cigarette\/snuff use, and change in the device wear\u2010time.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Insulin and BMI increased among<jats:italic>decreasers from moderate to low PA<\/jats:italic>(<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>for insulin 0.23, 95% CI 0.03\u20130.46;<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>for BMI 0.90; CI 0.02\u20131.78). The concentration of HDL cholesterol decreased (<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u22120.18, CI \u22120.31 to \u22120.05) and that of glucose increased (<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>0.18, CI 0.02\u20130.35) among<jats:italic>decreasers from high to moderate PA<\/jats:italic>. By contrast, among<jats:italic>increasers<\/jats:italic>, blood pressure declined (systolic<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u22126.43, CI \u221212.16 to \u22120.70; diastolic<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u22126.72, CI \u221211.03 to \u22122.41).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Already during the transition to young adulthood, changes in PA are associated with changes in cardiometabolic risk factors. Favorable blood pressure changes were found among PA<jats:italic>increasers<\/jats:italic>. Unfavorable changes in BMI, insulin, glucose, and HDL cholesterol were found in groups with decreasing PA. The changes were dependent on the baseline PA and the magnitude of the PA decline.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.14415","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,31]],"date-time":"2023-05-31T05:31:47Z","timestamp":1685511107000},"page":"1807-1820","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Longitudinal physical activity patterns and the development of cardiometabolic risk factors during adolescence"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9770-1732","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tuula","family":"Aira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Research Centre for Health Promotion University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4 Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4 Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9436-5681","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sami Petteri","family":"Kokko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Research Centre for Health Promotion University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4 Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4 Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1722-1729","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olli Juhani","family":"Heinonen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paavo Nurmi Centre &amp; Unit for Health and Physical Activity University of Turku Turku Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3627-0542","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raija","family":"Korpelainen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Research Center (MRC) University of Oulu and University Hospital of Oulu Oulu Finland"},{"name":"Department of Sports and Exercise Medicine Oulu Deaconess Institute Foundation sr. 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