{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T16:15:27Z","timestamp":1789834527171,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,19]],"date-time":"2023-09-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1695081600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Scandinavian Med Sci Sports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) develops after performing unaccustomed eccentric exercises. Animal studies have shown that DOMS is mechanical hyperalgesia through nociceptor sensitization induced by nerve growth factor (NGF) and glial cell line\u2010derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) upregulated by cyclooxygenase\u20102 (COX\u20102). However, no previous study has investigated these in relation to DOMS in humans. This study compared the first and second bouts of one\u2010leg eccentric cycling (ECC) for changes in NGF, GDNF, and COX\u20102 mRNA in the vastus lateralis (VL). Seven healthy adults (18\u201340\u2009years) performed two bouts of ECC (10 sets of 50 contractions) with 80% maximal voluntary concentric peak torque separated by 2\u2009weeks (ECC1, ECC2). Muscle soreness that was assessed by a visual analog scale and maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVC) torque of the knee extensors were measured before, immediately after (MVC only), 24 and 48\u2009h post\u2010exercise. Muscle biopsy was taken from the VL before the first bout from nonexercised leg (control) and 24\u2009h after each bout from the exercised leg, and analyzed for NGF, GDNF, and COX\u20102 mRNA. Peak DOMS was more than two times greater and MVC torque at 48\u2009h post\u2010exercise was approximately 20% smaller after ECC1 than ECC2 (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05), suggesting the repeated bout effect. NGF mRNA level was higher (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05) post\u2010ECC1 (0.79\u2009\u00b1\u20090.68 arbitrary unit) than control (0.06\u2009\u00b1\u20090.07) and post\u2010ECC2 (0.08\u2009\u00b1\u20090.10). GDNF and COX\u20102 mRNA did not show significant differences between control, post\u2010ECC1, and post\u2010ECC2. These results suggest that an increase in NGF is associated with the development of DOMS in humans.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.14497","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,19]],"date-time":"2023-09-19T11:52:07Z","timestamp":1695124327000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Changes in nerve growth factor in vastus lateralis muscle after the first versus second bout of one\u2010leg eccentric cycling"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9429-0453","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tomoko","family":"Koeda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy, School of Rehabilitation Sciences Nagoya Gakuin University  Nagoya Japan"},{"name":"Centre for Human Performance, School of Medical and Health Sciences Edith Cowan University  Joondalup Western Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7753-5693","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Georgios","family":"Mavropalias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Human Performance, School of Medical and Health Sciences Edith Cowan University  Joondalup Western Australia Australia"},{"name":"Discipline of Exercise Science Murdoch University  Murdoch Western Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5554-0659","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kazue","family":"Mizumura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology Nihon University School of Dentistry  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4866-6536","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kimiaki","family":"Katanosaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life and Health Sciences Chubu University  Aichi Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7373-4994","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kazunori","family":"Nosaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Human Performance, School of Medical and Health Sciences Edith Cowan University  Joondalup Western Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e31828f8a73"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","first-page":"72","article-title":"Eccentric exercise\u2010induced delayed\u2010onset muscle soreness and change in markers of muscle damage and inflammation","volume":"19","author":"Kanda K","year":"2013","journal-title":"Exerc Immunol Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","first-page":"536","article-title":"Eccentric muscle 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