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Daily light PA (LPA), moderate PA (MPA), vigorous PA (VPA), and the combination of both (MVPA) were measured using a wrist\u2010worn accelerometer for 14\u2009days. Resting HRV was measured with a heart rate monitor, and generalized additive modeling (GAM) was used to examine the association between PA, NDVI, and resting HRV.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In nongreen areas, men had less PA at all intensity levels compared to men in green areas. Women had more LPA and total PA and less MPA, MVPA, and VPA in green residential areas compared to nongreen areas. In green residential areas, men had more MPA, MVPA, and VPA than women, whereas women had more LPA than men. GAM showed positive linear associations between LPA, MVPA and HRV in all models.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Higher LPA and MVPA were significantly associated with increased HRV, irrespective of residential greenness. Greenness was positively associated with PA at all intensity levels in men, whereas in women, a positive association was found for LPA and total PA. A positive relationship of PA with resting HRV and greenness with PA was found. Residential greenness for promoting PA and heart health in adults should be considered in city planning.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.14505","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,28]],"date-time":"2023-09-28T09:47:15Z","timestamp":1695894435000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Physical activity, residential greenness, and cardiac autonomic function"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3665-444X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maija","family":"Korpisaari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sports and Exercise Medicine Oulu Deaconess Institute Foundation sr.  Oulu Finland"},{"name":"Research Unit of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine University of Oulu  Oulu Finland"},{"name":"Geography Research Unit, Faculty of Science University of Oulu  Oulu Finland"},{"name":"Research Unit of Health Sciences and Technology University of Oulu  Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soile","family":"Puhakka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sports and Exercise Medicine Oulu Deaconess Institute Foundation sr.  Oulu Finland"},{"name":"Research Unit of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine University of Oulu  Oulu Finland"},{"name":"Geography Research Unit, Faculty of Science University of Oulu  Oulu Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8355-8488","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vahid","family":"Farrahi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Unit of Health Sciences and Technology University of Oulu  Finland"},{"name":"Institute for Sport and Sport Sciences, TU Dortmund University  Dortmund Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1008-3263","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maisa","family":"Niemel\u00e4","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Unit of Health Sciences and Technology University of Oulu  Finland"},{"name":"Centre for Wireless Communications University of Oulu  Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mikko P.","family":"Tulppo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Research Center Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu  Oulu Finland"},{"name":"Research Unit of Biomedicine and Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine University of Oulu  Oulu Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tiina","family":"Ik\u00e4heimo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Unit of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine University of Oulu  Oulu Finland"},{"name":"UiT The Arctic University of Norway  Troms\u00f8 Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raija","family":"Korpelainen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sports and Exercise Medicine Oulu Deaconess Institute Foundation sr.  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