{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T19:20:25Z","timestamp":1790796025844,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,23]],"date-time":"2023-11-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1700697600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Scandinavian Med Sci Sports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To describe the epidemiology of quadriceps muscle strain injury (QMSI) in elite Australian Football League (AFL) players, explore recovery milestones and determine whether recovery is impacted by factors such as injury type (index vs. re\u2010injury), the primary muscle injured and the mechanism of injury.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Measures<\/jats:title><jats:p>All QMSI data reported to the Soft Tissue Injury Registry of the AFL from the 2014 to 2020 seasons were evaluated. Player demographic data, circumstances of injury, MRI reports and recovery outcomes following injury were extracted. Descriptive statistics and frequency distributions are presented. Recovery outcomes for injury type, primary muscle injured and the mechanism of injury were compared using univariate analyses.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>There were 164 QMSIs from 122 players reported (134 index; 30 re\u2010injuries). Almost all (91.3%) QMSIs involved the rectus femoris. Half (48.4%) of the QMSIs occurred during kicking and most commonly affected the dominant kicking leg (72%). The majority occurred at training (64.6%). All re\u2010injuries involved the rectus femoris, most occurred from kicking (63.0%) and within 6\u2009months of the preceding injury (70%). The mean return to play (RTP) time was 25.4\u2009days (95%CI\u2009=\u200922.6\u201328.2) and rectus femoris injuries took around 14\u2009days longer to RTP than vastii injuries (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.001). QMSIs with a kicking mechanism took the longest to RTP of all injury mechanisms.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>In AFL players, QMSIs occur mostly in the dominant leg from a kicking mechanism. Rectus femoris injuries are more prevalent and result in longer RTP time frames. Re\u2010injuries exclusively involved the rectus femoris, primarily from kicking.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.14542","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,25]],"date-time":"2023-11-25T00:06:49Z","timestamp":1700870809000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Epidemiology of quadriceps muscle strain injuries in elite male Australian football players"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3094-1920","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samuel","family":"Pietsch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"La Trobe Sport and Exercise Medicine Research Centre. School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, College of Science, Health and Engineering La Trobe University  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brady","family":"Green","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health Sciences and Physiotherapy University of Notre Dame Australia  Fremantle Western Australia Australia"},{"name":"School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport La Trobe University  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony G.","family":"Schache","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"La Trobe Sport and Exercise Medicine Research Centre. School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, College of Science, Health and Engineering La Trobe University  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tania","family":"Pizzari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"La Trobe Sport and Exercise Medicine Research Centre. School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, College of Science, Health and Engineering La Trobe University  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2012-091250"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","unstructured":"Australian Football League.2018 AFL injury report.2019Australian Football League (pp. 1\u201319)."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546510395879"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2019-100666"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2022.10870"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40798-021-00301-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0031-1287798"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000003023"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02640414.2013.823227"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2009.09.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2009.09.004"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","first-page":"18","article-title":"Biomechanics of the running drop punt kick with respect to the development of quadricens strains","volume":"25","author":"Orchard J","year":"2007","journal-title":"Sport Health"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14763140701683015"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.2013-0183"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1440-2440(04)80024-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465010290030801"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.13552"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2013-092884"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2008.048181"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465030310063701"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2022-106405"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_1","first-page":"19","article-title":"The need to report effect size estimates revisited. 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