{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T09:23:56Z","timestamp":1791624236133,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,4]],"date-time":"2024-01-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704326400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005416","name":"Norges Forskningsr\u00e5d","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005416","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Scandinavian Med Sci Sports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>To determine associations between anabolic\u2010androgenic steroid (AAS) use\u2010related morbidity including cardiovascular disease (CVD) and engagement to health services.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this cross\u2010sectional study, 90 males with at least 12\u2009months cumulative current or former use of AAS were included. The participants were divided into a treatment\u2010seeking group (TSG) and a non\u2010treatment seeking group (non\u2010TSG) based on their responses to a self\u2010report web questionnaire. All participants were screened for symptoms that could be indicative of CVD through a clinical interview, and examined with blood samples, blood pressure measurements and transthoracic echocardiography.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In the total sample (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200990), mean age was 39\u2009\u00b1\u200911\u2009years with cumulative AAS use of 12\u2009\u00b1\u20099\u2009years. Among men in the TSG with current use there were higher prevalence of dyspnoea (50% vs 7%) and reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) in conjunction with left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) (36 vs. 9%) and\/or high blood pressure (55% vs. 19%) compared to men in the non\u2010TSG. Among men with current AAS use and established LVEF &lt;50% (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200925) or LVH (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200921), 44% (11) and 43% (9) respectively, had never engaged health services due to AAS\u2010related adverse effects. Deviant liver\u2010 and kidney parameters were frequently observed in the total sample but without between\u2010group differences.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Treatment\u2010seeking behavior among current AAS users may be associated with increased levels of dyspnoea and established CVD. Despite objective signs of severe CVD among a substantial amount of study participants, it is of great concern that the majority had never sought treatment for AAS\u2010related concerns.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.14554","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,4]],"date-time":"2024-01-04T10:45:33Z","timestamp":1704365133000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Treatment\u2010seeking behavior and cardiovascular morbidity among men with anabolic\u2010androgenic steroid use: A\u00a0cross\u2010sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-3273-3678","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hans Christian Bordado","family":"Henriksen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Anabolic Androgenic Steroid Research Group, Section for Clinical Addiction Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction Oslo University Hospital 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