{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T11:15:54Z","timestamp":1790766954609,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,12]],"date-time":"2024-03-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1710201600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":11,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011701","name":"British Society for Research on Ageing","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011701","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000382","name":"Society for Endocrinology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000382","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Scandinavian Med Sci Sports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Exercise and passive heating induce some similar vascular hemodynamic, circulating blood marker, and perceptual responses. However, it remains unknown whether post exercise hot water immersion can synergise exercise derived responses and if they differ from hot water immersion alone. This study investigated the acute responses to post moderate\u2010intensity exercise hot water immersion (EX+HWI) when compared to exercise (EX+REST) and hot water immersion (HWI+HWI) alone. Sixteen physically inactive middle\u2010aged adults (nine males and seven females) completed a randomized cross\u2010over counterbalanced design. Each condition consisted of two 30\u2010min bouts separated by 10\u2009min of rest. Cycling was set at a power output equivalent to 50% V\u0307\n                    <jats:sc>o<\/jats:sc>\n                    <jats:sub>2 peak<\/jats:sub>\n                    . Water temperature was controlled at 40\u00b0C up to the mid sternum with arms not submerged. Venous blood samples and artery ultrasound scans were assessed at 0 (baseline), 30 (immediately post stressor one), 70 (immediately post stressor two), and 100\u2009min (recovery). Additional physiological and perceptual measures were assessed at 10\u2010min intervals. Brachial and superficial femoral artery shear rates were higher after EX+HWI and HWI+HWI when compared with EX+REST (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Plasma nitrite was higher immediately following EX+HWI and HWI+HWI than EX+REST (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.01). Serum interleukin\u20106 was higher immediately after EX+HWI compared to EX+REST (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.046). Serum cortisol was lower at 30\u2009min in the HWI+HWI condition in contrast to EX+REST (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.026). EX+HWI and HWI+HWI were more enjoyable than EX+REST (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Irrespective of whether hot water immersion proceeded exercise or heating, hot water immersion enhanced vascular and blood marker responses, while also being more enjoyable than exercise alone.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.14600","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,12]],"date-time":"2024-03-12T13:55:32Z","timestamp":1710251732000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Post exercise hot water immersion and hot water immersion in isolation enhance vascular, blood marker, and perceptual responses when compared to exercise alone"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5405-4608","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Charles J.","family":"Steward","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Physical Activity, Sport and Exercise Sciences Coventry University  Coventry UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mathew","family":"Hill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Physical Activity, Sport and Exercise Sciences Coventry University  Coventry UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2546-1618","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Campbell","family":"Menzies","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Physical Activity, Sport and Exercise Sciences Coventry University  Coventry UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen J.","family":"Bailey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University  Loughborough UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mushidur","family":"Rahman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Physical Activity, Sport and Exercise Sciences Coventry University  Coventry UK"},{"name":"Department of Cardiology University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust  Coventry UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C. Douglas","family":"Thake","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Physical Activity, Sport and Exercise Sciences Coventry University  Coventry UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher J. A.","family":"Pugh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiff School of Sport &amp; Health Sciences Cardiff Metropolitan University  Cardiff UK"},{"name":"Centre for Health, Activity and Wellbeing Research Cardiff Metropolitan University  Cardiff UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9058-6716","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tom","family":"Cullen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Physical Activity, Sport and Exercise Sciences Coventry University  Coventry UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization.Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs).2023https:\/\/www.who.int\/news\u2010room\/fact\u2010sheets\/detail\/cardiovascular\u2010diseases\u2010(cvds) Accessed December 2 2023."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(94)90305-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.113.01445"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000659"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00420.2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization.Physical activity 2023.https:\/\/www.who.int\/news\u2010room\/fact\u2010sheets\/detail\/physical\u2010activityAccessed December 2 2023."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10433-021-00657-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2014.04.058"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00141.2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00061.2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","first-page":"42","article-title":"Elevating body temperature to reduce low\u2010grade inflammation: a welcome strategy for those unable to exercise?","volume":"26","author":"Hoekstra SP","year":"2020","journal-title":"Exerc Immunol Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/23328940.2016.1156215"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00291.2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00608.2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","first-page":"H1495","article-title":"Heat therapy vs. supervised exercise therapy for peripheral arterial disease: a 12\u2010wk randomized, controlled trial. 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