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However, the cardiac hemodynamic factors responsible for a positive response to training remain unclear. The aim of this study was to compare cardiac hemodynamic changes after an ET program in responder (R) versus non\u2010responder (NR) CHD patients.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 72 CHD patients completed a 3\u2010month ET program and were assessed by cycle ergometer cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET: O\n                      <jats:sub>2peak<\/jats:sub>\n                      assessment) with impedance cardiography (ICG) for hemodynamic measurements before and after training. Cardiac hemodynamics (e.g., CO, CI, SV, ESV, EDV, and SVR) were measured by ICG during CPET. The R and NR groups were classified using the median change in O\n                      <jats:sub>2peak<\/jats:sub>\n                      (&gt;the median for R and \u2264the median for NR).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In the R group, O\n                      <jats:sub>2peak<\/jats:sub>\n                      (+17%,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), CO, CI, SV, and HR increased by 17%, 17%, 13%, and 5%, respectively (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05) after the training program. In the NR group, O\n                      <jats:sub>2peak<\/jats:sub>\n                      , CO, CI, and SV increased by 0.5%, 5%, 8%, and 6%, respectively (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.01). The SVR decreased in both groups (\u221219% in R and \u221211% in NR,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among CHD patients, the R group showed a better improvement in peak cardiac output via an increase in peak stroke volume and heart rate and a reduced systemic vascular resistance than the NR group. Different cardiac phenotype adaptations and clinical individual responses were identified in CHD patients according to the aerobic fitness responder's status.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.14633","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,23]],"date-time":"2024-04-23T01:59:55Z","timestamp":1713837595000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Cardiac hemodynamics phenotypes and individual responses to training in coronary heart disease patients"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4594-5481","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marine","family":"Kirsch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Preventive Medicine and Physical Activity Center (\u00c9PIC) &amp; Research Center Montreal Heart Institute and Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al  Montr\u00e9al Quebec Canada"},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9 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