{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T14:36:19Z","timestamp":1784903779635,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,6]],"date-time":"2024-07-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1720224000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":5,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Scandinavian Med Sci Sports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>Quantifying movement coordination in cross\u2010country (XC) skiing, specifically the technique with its elemental forms, is challenging. Particularly, this applies when trying to establish a bidirectional transfer between scientific theory and practical experts' knowledge as expressed, for example, in ski instruction curricula. The objective of this study was to translate 14 curricula\u2010informed distinct elements of the V2 ski\u2010skating technique (horizontal and vertical posture, lateral tilt, head position, upper body rotation, arm swing, shoulder abduction, elbow flexion, hand and leg distance, plantar flexion, ski set\u2010down, leg push\u2010off, and gliding phase) into plausible, valid and applicable measures to make the technique training process more quantifiable and scientifically grounded. Inertial measurement unit (IMU) data of 10 highly experienced XC skiers who demonstrated the technique elements by two extreme forms each (e.g., anterior versus posterior positioning for the horizontal posture) were recorded. Element\u2010specific principal component analyses (PCAs)\u2014driven by the variance produced by the technique extremes\u2014resulted in movement components that express quantifiable measures of the underlying technique elements. Ten measures were found to be sensitive in distinguishing between the inputted extreme variations using statistical parametric mapping (SPM), whereas for four elements the SPM did not detect differences (lateral tilt, plantar flexion, ski set\u2010down, and leg push\u2010off). Applicability of the established technique measures was determined based on quantifying individual techniques through them. The study introduces a novel approach to quantitatively assess V2 ski\u2010skating technique, which might help to enhance technique feedback and bridge the communication gap that often exists between practitioners and scientists.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.14691","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,6]],"date-time":"2024-07-06T10:35:50Z","timestamp":1720262150000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["<scp>IMU<\/scp> Data\u2010Driven and <scp>PCA<\/scp>\u2010Based Approach to Establish Quantifiable and Practically Applicable Measures for <scp>V2<\/scp> Technique Elements in Cross\u2010Country Skiing"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3282-2688","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Debertin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sport Science University of Innsbruck  Innsbruck Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luisa","family":"Haag","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sport Science University of Innsbruck  Innsbruck Austria"},{"name":"Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering Offenburg University of Applied Sciences  Offenburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0266-6813","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter","family":"Federolf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sport Science University of Innsbruck  Innsbruck Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","unstructured":"T.Losnegard \u201cPhysiological Determinants of Performance in Modern Elite Cross\u2010Country Skiing\u201d (PhD diss. The Norwegian School of Sport Sciences 2013)."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","unstructured":"H.\u2010C.Holmberg \u201cThe Physiology of Cross\u2010Country Skiing: With Special Emphasis on the Role of the Upper Body\u201d (PhD diss. The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences 2005)."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2019.09.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470693834"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/026404102320675657"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","volume-title":"Quantification of Movement Patterns in Cross\u2010Country Skiing Using Inertial Measurement Units","author":"Myklebust H.","year":"2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02640414.2016.1218036"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421\u2010010\u20101535\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0b013e3181d82d11"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421\u2010005\u20101332\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0b013e318231a69e"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005768\u2010200105001\u201000056"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14763140408522832"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421\u2010014\u20103039\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005768-199811000-00014"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14763141.2015.1084033"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.12106"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421\u2010022\u201005007\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421\u2010009\u20101018\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.245474"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1123\/IJSPP.2013\u20100344"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/01.MSS.0000162615.47763.C8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14763140903414417"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02640410802027386"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02640414.2017.1298826"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.12938"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","volume-title":"Offizieller DSV\u2010Lehrplan Skilanglauf","author":"Bl\u00e4se D.","year":"2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","volume-title":"Skilanglaufen einfach\u2013Der DSLV Lehrplan","author":"Hottenroth E.","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1123\/jab.26.4.516"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02640411003716934"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0838.2012.01455.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2022.1003619"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Xsens MVN: Full 6DOF Human Motion Tracking Using Miniature Inertial Sensors","author":"Roetenberg D.","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fninf.2019.00024"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9290(95)00178-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2015.12.030"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2013.07.031"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s24030871"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2022.819979"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02640414.2020.1775375"}],"container-title":["Scandinavian Journal of Medicine &amp; 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