{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T07:13:56Z","timestamp":1791184436649,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,25]],"date-time":"2024-11-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1732492800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Scandinavian Med Sci Sports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Training one limb with a high\u2010load has been shown to augment strength changes in the opposite limb training with a low\u2010load (via cross\u2010education of strength), indicating that within\u2010subject models can be problematic when investigating strength changes. This study examined if the cross\u2010education of strength from unilateral high\u2010load training could augment the strength changes in the opposite arm undergoing the same unilateral high\u2010load training. 160 participants were randomized to one of four groups: (1) training on the dominant arm followed by the non\u2010dominant arm (D\u2009+\u2009ND), (2) training on the dominant arm only (D\u2010Only), (3) training on the non\u2010dominant arm only (ND\u2010Only), and (4) a non\u2010exercise control. All exercise groups performed 18 sessions of unilateral high\u2010load elbow flexion exercise over 6\u2009weeks. Participants were compared for changes in 1RM strength and muscle thickness. Changes in strength of the non\u2010dominant arm were greater in D\u2009+\u2009ND (2.7\u2009kg) and ND\u2010Only (2.6\u2009kg) compared to D\u2010Only (1.5\u2009kg) and control (\u22120.2\u2009kg), while the changes were greater in D\u2010Only compared to control. The same finding was observed in the dominant arm. Only the arms being directly trained observed increases in muscle thickness. Unilateral high\u2010load resistance training increased strength in the opposite untrained arm, without changes in muscle thickness. This cross\u2010education of strength did not augment the strength changes in the contralateral arm undergoing the same unilateral high\u2010load training. However, it does not necessarily indicate that within\u2010subject models are methodologically sound to investigate strength change if both limbs are trained with a high\u2010load.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.14772","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,25]],"date-time":"2024-11-25T04:08:35Z","timestamp":1732507715000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Does Unilateral High\u2010Load Resistance Training Influence Strength Change in the Contralateral Arm Also Undergoing High\u2010Load Training?"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Jun Seob","family":"Song","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Counseling, Health, and Kinesiology Texas A&amp;M University\u2010San Antonio  San Antonio Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yujiro","family":"Yamada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health, Exercise Science, and Recreation Management. Kevser Ermin Applied Physiology Laboratory The University of Mississippi  Mississippi USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryo","family":"Kataoka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health, Exercise Science, and Recreation Management. Kevser Ermin Applied Physiology Laboratory The University of Mississippi  Mississippi USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William B.","family":"Hammert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health, Exercise Science, and Recreation Management. Kevser Ermin Applied Physiology Laboratory The University of Mississippi  Mississippi USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0230-9418","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health, Exercise Science, and Recreation Management. Kevser Ermin Applied Physiology Laboratory The University of Mississippi  Mississippi USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert W.","family":"Spitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Biophysics University of Mississippi Medical Center  Jackson Mississippi USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vickie","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sport and Health Solent University  Southampton Hampshire UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8229-8565","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aldo","family":"Seffrin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Translation Medicine Federal University of S\u00e3o Paulo  S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Witalo","family":"Kassiano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health, Exercise Science, and Recreation Management. Kevser Ermin Applied Physiology Laboratory The University of Mississippi  Mississippi USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5409-9075","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeremy P.","family":"Loenneke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health, Exercise Science, and Recreation Management. Kevser Ermin Applied Physiology Laboratory The University of Mississippi  Mississippi USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421\u2010017\u20103720\u2010z"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","first-page":"177","article-title":"Chronic Neural Adaptations to Unilateral Exercise: Mechanisms of Cross Education","volume":"28","author":"Zhou S.","year":"2000","journal-title":"Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421\u2010023\u201005386\u2010y"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","first-page":"114","article-title":"On the Education of Muscular Control and Power","volume":"2","author":"Scripture E. 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