{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T18:08:01Z","timestamp":1789495681945,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,26]],"date-time":"2025-03-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742947200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,26]],"date-time":"2025-03-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742947200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002341","name":"Academy of Finland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002341","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002341","name":"Academy of Finland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002341","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Scandinavian Med Sci Sports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The Achilles tendon (AT) comprises three subtendons whose relative locations, and respective lines of action, vary individually. This study was aimed to demonstrate the efficacy of a novel method, combining Ultrasound and electrical STIMulation (USTIM), to identify the in\u00a0vivo location of individual subtendons in cross\u2010sections of the AT. We individually stimulated the triceps surae muscle heads and imaged localized tissue movement on a transverse plane 1\u2009cm proximal to the calcaneus using B\u2010mode ultrasonography. Movement induced by muscle stimulation was presumed to arise from movement in the respective subtendon. Frame\u2010by\u2010frame changes in grayscale values were analyzed to detect localized tissue movement, establishing the three subtendon locations. From 12 successfully assessed legs, we found test\u2013retest reliability to be excellent (ICC\u2009=\u20090.93,\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20093), and intra\u2010 and inter\u2010rater reliability to be good for the subtendon centroid locations (ICC &gt;\u20090.77,\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200912). Reliability for identifying the subtendon area was good for test\u2013retest (ICC\u2009=\u20090.77) and intra\u2010rater assessments (ICC &gt;\u20090.70) but moderate between raters (ICC\u2009=\u20090.53). Subtendon centroid locations assessed using USTIM showed a strong association (\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20092;\n                    <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    =\u20090.80,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001) with those identified via the high\u2010field MRI method established by Cone et\u00a0al. Fitting with prior literature, the majority of (83%) tendons were identified as low twist type I. The novel USTIM method can identify in\u00a0vivo locations of the three subtendons within a cross\u2010section of AT with moderate to excellent reliability. This method could be used to unravel the intricacies of structure\u2013function relationships in the AT, with potential clinical benefits for treatment of patients with AT injuries.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.70042","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,28]],"date-time":"2025-03-28T22:33:58Z","timestamp":1743201238000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["A Novel Method to Assess Subject\u2010Specific Architecture of the Achilles Tendon In\u00a0Vivo in Humans"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7697-2813","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Taija","family":"Finni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Neuromuscular Research Center University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4  Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4 Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3226-8840","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raad","family":"Khair","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Neuromuscular Research Center University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4  Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4 Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jason R.","family":"Franz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering University of North Carolina Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University  Chapel Hill North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4291-1614","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Sukanen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Neuromuscular Research Center University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4  Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4 Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5332-1188","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Neil","family":"Cronin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Neuromuscular Research Center University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4  Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4 Finland"},{"name":"School of Education &amp; Science University of Gloucestershire  Gloucestershire UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephanie","family":"Cone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Delaware  Delaware USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.12342"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.12835"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aanat.2009.07.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3399\/bjgp15X688069"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/JES.0000000000000132"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2023.111583"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-015-3544-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports\u20102011\u2010090342"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","first-page":"107","article-title":"The Structure of the Calcaneal Tendon (Of Achilles) in Relation to Orthopedic Surgery, With Additional Observations on the Plantaris Muscle","volume":"83","author":"Cummins E. 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