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This study investigated biomechanical changes during running at varying body weight support (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BWS<\/jats:styled-content>) levels (0%\u201380%) in competitive runners, including sex\u2010specific responses. Twenty\u2010six runners (age: 33.6\u2009\u00b1\u20099.8\u2009years; 15 female, 11 male) completed randomized 3\u2010min running bouts at 12\u2009km\/h across nine <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BWS<\/jats:styled-content> levels. Spatiotemporal parameters, plantar force, peak tibial acceleration, and running stability were measured using pressure insoles and inertial sensors placed at the tibia and foot. Our results revealed significant reductions in step rate (<jats:italic>b<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009\u22120.24 steps\u2022min<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\/%<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BWS<\/jats:styled-content>, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), normalized ground contact time (<jats:italic>b<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009\u22120.001 1\/%<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BWS<\/jats:styled-content>, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), maximum plantar force (<jats:italic>b<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009\u22120.010 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BW<\/jats:styled-content>\/%<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BWS<\/jats:styled-content>, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), and peak tibial acceleration (<jats:italic>b<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009\u22120.03\u2009g\/%<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BWS<\/jats:styled-content>, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) with increased <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BWS<\/jats:styled-content>. Swing time increased (<jats:italic>b<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20091.50\u2009ms\/%<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BWS<\/jats:styled-content>, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), while stance time decreased (<jats:italic>b<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009\u22120.41\u2009ms\/%<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BWS<\/jats:styled-content>, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Running stability showed marginal changes (foot: <jats:italic>b<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009\u22120.001 1\/%<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BWS<\/jats:styled-content>, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.017; tibia: <jats:italic>b<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.001 1\/%<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BWS<\/jats:styled-content>, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.009). Sex differences were observed in step rate (<jats:italic>b<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009\u22126.79 steps\u2022min<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.045) and maximum plantar force (<jats:italic>b<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009\u22120.128 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BW<\/jats:styled-content>, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.034), but there were no significant sex\u2009\u00d7\u2009<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BWS<\/jats:styled-content> interaction effects for any of the investigated parameters. Findings from this study highlight the effectiveness of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LBPPTs<\/jats:styled-content> for reducing musculoskeletal loading while revealing associated gait changes. Athletes, therapists, and coaches should consider individual biomechanical responses to optimize rehabilitation and performance strategies. Future research should explore long\u2010term adaptations and injury prevention outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.70063","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,12]],"date-time":"2025-05-12T05:49:06Z","timestamp":1747028946000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Biomechanical Changes During Running on a Lower Body Positive Pressure Treadmill in Competitive Runners"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0032-9936","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dominik","family":"Fohrmann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Interdisciplinary Exercise Science and Sports Medicine Faculty of Medicine, MSH, Medical School Hamburg  Hamburg 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MSH, Medical School Hamburg  Hamburg Germany"},{"name":"Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery University Medical Center Hamburg\u2010Eppendorf  Hamburg Germany"},{"name":"UKE Athleticum \u2010 Center for Athletic Medicine University Medical Center Hamburg\u2010Eppendorf  Hamburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5610-6013","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas","family":"Gronwald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Interdisciplinary Exercise Science and Sports Medicine Faculty of Medicine, MSH, Medical School Hamburg  Hamburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8287-6625","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tim","family":"Hoenig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery University Medical Center Hamburg\u2010Eppendorf  Hamburg 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