{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T03:13:15Z","timestamp":1793416395154,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,20]],"date-time":"2025-05-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747699200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":19,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000923","name":"Australian Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000923","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Scandinavian Med Sci Sports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Typically, humans tune their lower limb mechanics to preserve center of mass motion when hopping or running on surfaces with different stiffnesses. However, much of our understanding of this interaction is based on frequency\u2010constrained hopping and not preferred behavior, which may also be influenced by the stiffness of the surface underfoot. Therefore, we tested if preferred hopping frequency was different from a previously assumed value of 2.2\u2009Hz and if preference was affected by a less\u2010stiff surface. To help explain any observed trends, we quantified foot and ankle mechanics and muscle activations for frequencies \u00b120% of preferred. We used custom\u2010built platforms to provide both an elastic and locked (inelastic) surface and asked participants to hop bilaterally in place on each. We measured multi\u2010segment foot and ankle kinematics and ground reaction forces, alongside electromyography (EMG) of flexor digitorum brevis, abductor hallucis, soleus, and tibialis anterior. There was no significant difference between mean preferred hopping frequency and 2.2\u2009Hz, for either surface. There was also no difference in mechanics between preferred frequency and 2.2\u2009Hz conditions. However, there were effects of surface, frequency, and surface\u2010by\u2010frequency interactions on foot and ankle kinematics, kinetics, and EMG. Frequency preference appears to be partially driven by an effort to maximize energy stored and returned in the surface while trading off the costs of active muscular work and the cost associated with producing force. Frequency affects hopping mechanics differently on stiff vs. elastic surfaces.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.70067","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,21]],"date-time":"2025-05-21T02:59:04Z","timestamp":1747796344000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["The Effects of Surface Stiffness on Human Hopping Frequency Preference and the Underlying Neuromuscular Function of the Foot and Ankle"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Jonathon V.","family":"Birch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health &amp; Sport Sciences University of Exeter  Exeter Devon UK"},{"name":"Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences The University of Queensland  Brisbane Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luke A.","family":"Kelly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences The University of Queensland  Brisbane Queensland Australia"},{"name":"School of Health Sciences and Social Work Griffith University  Gold Coast Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6720-1961","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dominic J.","family":"Farris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health &amp; 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