{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T13:26:09Z","timestamp":1791897969675,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,5]],"date-time":"2025-06-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1749081600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]],"date-time":"2025-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748736000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100020068","name":"Topconsortium voor Kennis en Innovatie","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100020068","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Scandinavian Med Sci Sports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Advancements in shoe technology can improve running economy (RE). However, the effects of advanced footwear technology (AFT) have typically been investigated in one specific shoe brand and at relatively high speeds. Moreover, there is often considerable variability in the response to different running shoes. This study, therefore, investigated the effect of five different shoes (two with AFT, one standard shoe, one traditional racing flat, and participants' own shoes) on RE at a speed representative of recreational runners. Further, it also explored whether spatiotemporal running metrics, anthropometrics, muscle architecture, or comfort mediated the effect of shoes on RE. Forty\u2010one (31 male) recreational runners ran at 10\u2009km\u2219h\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    in five different shoes while running biomechanics and gas exchange data were collected. Linear mixed models were used to compare RE across different shoes. Correlations were computed between the difference in RE and (difference in) spatiotemporal running metrics, anthropometrics, muscle architecture, or comfort to explore mediating effects. RE was significantly better in the AFT shoe one compared to other shoes by 2%\u20134%, with the enhancement relative to the other AFT being non\u2010significant (2%). No spatiotemporal, anthropometric, muscle architectural, or comfort outcome was consistently significantly associated with relative RE. However, a longer contact time, shorter flight time, and higher duty factor showed consistent small\u2010to\u2010moderate non\u2010significant associations with better relative RE. In conclusion, AFT technology can enhance RE at speeds typical for recreational runners, although with variable magnitude across different brands. Further, anthropometrics, spatiotemporal metrics, muscle architecture, nor comfort strongly influenced the effect of shoes on RE.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.70087","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,6]],"date-time":"2025-06-06T01:30:04Z","timestamp":1749173404000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["The Mediating Effect of Running Biomechanics, Anthropometrics, Muscle Architecture, and Comfort on Running Economy Across Different Shoes"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8163-693X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bas","family":"Van Hooren","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM Institute of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism Maastricht University Medical Centre+  Maastricht the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raf","family":"Copier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM Institute of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism Maastricht University Medical Centre+  Maastricht the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sissel","family":"Pedersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM Institute of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism Maastricht University Medical Centre+  Maastricht the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zoi","family":"Balamouti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM Institute of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism Maastricht University Medical Centre+  Maastricht the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenneth","family":"Meijer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM Institute of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism Maastricht University Medical Centre+  Maastricht the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","unstructured":"Statista \u201cNumber of Running and Jogging Participants in the United States From 2010 to 2023 \u201d2023 accessed January 22 2025 https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/190303\/running\u2010participants\u2010in\u2010the\u2010us\u2010since\u20102006\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02640414.2023.2183103"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-01807-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jshs.2020.11.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02640414.2024.2426903"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279\u2010017\u20100811\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000003411"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02640414.2019.1633837"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279\u2010018\u20101012\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.2022-0227"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-62263-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.2023-0115"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-023-01816-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19424280.2022.2095042"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-38090-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s24144694"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-022-05060-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.14490"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-023-01991-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Individualization of Footwear for Optimizing Running Economy: A Theoretical Framework","volume":"1","author":"Connick M. J.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Biomechanics"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-024-01997-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep29870"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/17543371211041220"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17461391.2021.1998642"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11517\u2010013\u20101076\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1754337120957227"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jshs.2021.07.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2016.02.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279\u2010019\u201001237\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279\u2010019\u201001087\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0966-6362(01)00197-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/11319670\u2010000000000\u201000000"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s\u20102004\u2010830512"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2024.111984"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj-cs.2636"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","unstructured":"W.Hopkins \u201cA New View of Statistics \u201daccessed 6 February 2025 https:\/\/www.sportsci.org\/resource\/stats\/effectmag.html."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.2023-0446"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.14687"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-018-4038-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M.Bertschy H.Lino L.Healey et\u00a0al. \u201cIs Increasing the Effective Leg Length of a Human Runner Metabolically Beneficial?\u201dbioRxiv: 2025.01.03.631222 2025.","DOI":"10.1101\/2025.01.03.631222"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19424280.2024.2369995"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14763141.2023.2296916"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e3182514a88"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19424280.2022.2038691"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19424280.2023.2218321"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2020.573660"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-80791-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19424280.2024.2353597"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-74097-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/app142411535"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2020.0431"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2019.00079"}],"container-title":["Scandinavian Journal of Medicine &amp; Science in Sports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/sms.70087","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/sms.70087","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/sms.70087","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T06:38:41Z","timestamp":1775803121000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/sms.70087"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/sms.70087"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/sms.70087","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0905-7188","1600-0838"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0905-7188","type":"print"},{"value":"1600-0838","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-03-19","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-05-25","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-06-05","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70087"}}