{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,25]],"date-time":"2025-11-25T05:56:41Z","timestamp":1764050201571,"version":"3.45.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,6]],"date-time":"2025-11-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762387200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":5,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Scandinavian Med Sci Sports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    This study tested whether a single 100\u2009\u03bcg inhalation of salmeterol enhances 12\u2010s sprint performance in both fresh and fatigued states in elite road cyclists. In a randomized crossover design, 16 well\u2010trained, non\u2010asthmatic male cyclists completed 2 trials 1 week apart. Participants inhaled either 100\u2009\u03bcg salmeterol or placebo 1h before testing. Each trial involved: an initial 12\u2010s sprint (fresh), a 1h race simulation (40%\u201395% peak power output) with heart rate, blood lactate concentration, and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) monitored, and a final 12\u2010s sprint (fatigued). Peak and mean power, and vastus lateralis myoelectric activity were recorded during the sprints. Power declined from pre\u2010 to post\u2010simulation in both conditions (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.016), but the decrement was attenuated with salmeterol (peak: \u22127.5% vs. \u221218.2%; mean: \u221213.0% vs. \u221219.8%). Fatigued\u2010sprint peak power was higher with salmeterol (915\u2009\u00b1\u2009135\u2009W) than placebo (831\u2009\u00b1\u2009112\u2009W;\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.030), as was mean power (692\u2009\u00b1\u200976 vs. 643\u2009\u00b1\u200992\u2009W;\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.037). No effect of salmeterol was observed on fresh sprint performance and myoelectric activity. Blood lactate concentration and RPE rose similarly in both conditions (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), while heart rate was higher with salmeterol during the first 20\u2009min (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.004). Acute inhalation of salmeterol attenuates muscle fatigue and enhances sprint performance at the end of a simulated race. These findings challenge the presumption of no enhancing effect of inhaled salmeterol at therapeutic doses in competitive road cycling, where final sprints often determine outcomes.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.70159","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,6]],"date-time":"2025-11-06T12:56:04Z","timestamp":1762433764000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Mitigating End\u2010Stage Fatigue: Acute Inhaled Salmeterol Preserves Sprint Power in Simulated Cycling"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Michele","family":"Merlini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Natural Sciences University of Kent  Canterbury UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1269-0016","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Walter","family":"Staiano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Science of Physical Education and Sport University of Valencia  Valencia Spain"},{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Southern Denmark  Odense Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luca","family":"Angius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Northumbria University  Newcastle Upon Tyne UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Romagnoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Natural Sciences University of Kent  Canterbury UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Federico","family":"Schena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement (DNBM) University of Verona  Verona Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1824-7402","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John","family":"Dickinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Natural Sciences University of Kent  Canterbury UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Samuele","family":"Marcora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Quality Studies (QUVI) University of Bologna  Bologna Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports\u20102021\u2010104601"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1398\u20109995.2008.01663.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports\u20102019\u2010100984"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports\u20102019\u2010100708"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.14567"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279\u2010021\u201001450\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000000732"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.14500"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4172\/2161\u20100673.1000164"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","first-page":"716","article-title":"The Effect of 1600\u2009\u03bcg Inhaled Salbutamol Administration on 30\u2009m Sprint Performance Pre and Post a Yo\u2010Yo Intermittent Running Test in Football Players","volume":"18","author":"Merlini M.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Sports Science and Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00293.2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279\u2010021\u201001459\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/JP284205"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0035-1554697"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.2020\u20100508"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000002656"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","first-page":"144","article-title":"Enhancement of Exercise Performance With Inhaled Albuterol","volume":"13","author":"Bedi J. 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