{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,30]],"date-time":"2026-08-30T05:45:28Z","timestamp":1788068728146,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]],"date-time":"2026-01-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767571200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Scandinavian Med Sci Sports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Cold\u2010water immersion (CWI) is widely used by elite soccer players to enhance recovery after match play, yet systematic evidence supporting the effectiveness of this intervention is lacking. This systematic review with meta\u2010analysis aimed to evaluate the effects of CWI on the recovery of physical performance, muscle damage, and delayed muscle soreness in trained soccer players after match play. A systematic database search was conducted and inclusion criteria were: (1) peer\u2010reviewed, controlled trials; (2) competitive soccer players; (3) comparison of CWI with control\/placebo after match\/simulated match\u2010play; (4) at least one of the following outcomes: 20\u2009m sprint, countermovement jump (CMJ), leg strength via maximal voluntary contraction (MVC), creatine kinase (CK) for muscle damage, or delayed onset of muscle soreness (DOMS); and (5) outcome measurements taken 24, 48 or 72\u2009h post\u2010match. Random\u2010effects meta\u2010analyses were performed to calculate standardized mean differences (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) and prediction intervals (PI). Ten studies met the inclusion criteria. CWI significantly improved recovery of MVC (SMD\u2009=\u20091.02 [95% CI: 0.55 to 1.50; 95% PI: \u22120.48 to 2.53]) and CMJ (SMD\u2009=\u20090.38 [95% CI: 0.12 to 0.64; 95% PI: \u22120.39 to 1.15]), while sprint performance remained unaffected (SMD\u2009=\u2009\u22120.59 [95% CI: \u22121.41 to 0.23; 95% PI: \u22124.14 to 2.95]). CWI reduced CK levels (SMD\u2009=\u2009\u22120.77 [95% CI: \u22121.17 to \u22120.37; 95% PI: \u22122.23 to 0.69]) and alleviated DOMS (SMD\u2009=\u2009\u22121.04 [95% CI: \u22121.91 to \u22120.17; 95% PI: \u22124.12 to 2.03]). MVC and CK recovery improved consistently across all time points, while DOMS relief was observed at 24 and 72\u2009h post\u2010match. CMJ benefits were only evident at 48\u2009h post\u2010match. However, as the 95% PIs for all outcomes included the null effect, the observed benefits should be interpreted cautiously, as future studies may yield smaller or null effects. Overall, CWI may enhance recovery of muscle strength, reduce muscle damage, and alleviate soreness in trained male and female soccer players, but does not seem to impact sprint performance, and its effect on CMJ is time\u2010dependent.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.70202","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]],"date-time":"2026-01-05T16:53:55Z","timestamp":1767632035000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["The Impact of Cold\u2010Water Immersion on Post\u2010Match Recovery in Trained Soccer Players: A Systematic Review and Meta\u2010Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Jort","family":"Veen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medical Sciences \u00d6rebro University  \u00d6rebro Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cecilia","family":"Bergh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health \u00d6rebro University  \u00d6rebro Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3552-9153","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yang","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health \u00d6rebro University  \u00d6rebro Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0192-8981","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Morten Bredsgaard","family":"Randers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, SDU Sport and Health Sciences Cluster University of Southern Denmark  Odense Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1461-9838","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter","family":"Krustrup","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, SDU Sport and Health Sciences Cluster University of Southern Denmark  Odense Denmark"},{"name":"Danish Institute for Advanced Study (DIAS), University of Southern Denmark  Odense Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5401-9255","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter","family":"Edholm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health Sciences \u00d6rebro University  \u00d6rebro Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Environmental and Biosciences, School of Business, Innovation and Sustainability Halmstad University  Halmstad 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