{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T21:27:56Z","timestamp":1786483676975,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,14]],"date-time":"2026-03-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773446400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":13,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Scandinavian Med Sci Sports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    A history of muscle strain injury has consistently been identified as one of the strongest risk factors for future muscle strain injuries. However, information on the characteristics associated with a history of muscle strain injury is limited. This study aimed to examine whether passive muscle stiffness changes following biceps femoris long head (BFlh) strain injury in track\u2010and\u2010field athletes through cross\u2010sectional and longitudinal analyses. In Study 1 (cross\u2010sectional), 13 male track\u2010and\u2010field athletes with unilateral BFlh strain injury history underwent passive BFlh stiffness assessment using ultrasound shear wave elastography of previously injured and uninjured limbs. In Study 2 (longitudinal), seven athletes who sustained BFlh strain injury during the competitive season were followed from pre\u2010injury baseline through return\u2010to\u2010sport. Passive BFlh stiffness was assessed in both limbs at baseline, acute phase, rehabilitation phase, and return\u2010to\u2010sport phase. In Study 1, passive BFlh stiffness was significantly greater in the previously injured limb than in the uninjured limb (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.001). In Study 2, a significant limb\u2009\u00d7\u2009time interaction was observed (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.001). In the injured limb, passive BFlh stiffness at the rehabilitation phase was significantly greater than at baseline and remained elevated at return\u2010to\u2010sport, whereas it returned to baseline in the uninjured limb. Passive BFlh stiffness increases following strain injury and persists through return\u2010to\u2010sport. These findings reveal that strain injury leads to lasting increases in passive muscle stiffness, which may have implications for post\u2010injury muscle function.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.70254","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,14]],"date-time":"2026-03-14T08:00:17Z","timestamp":1773475217000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Changes in Passive Muscle Stiffness Following Biceps Femoris Strain Injury in Track\u2010and\u2010Field Athletes: Cross\u2010Sectional and Longitudinal Analyses"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Shuhei","family":"Kukuchi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Health and Sports Science Juntendo University  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ishin","family":"Togashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sports Medicine and Sportology, Graduate School of Medicine Juntendo University  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masashi","family":"Aoyagi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Juntendo Administration for Sports, Health and Medical Sciences Juntendo University  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuki","family":"Shiota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Health and Sports Science Juntendo University  Tokyo Japan"},{"name":"Department of Sports Medicine and Sportology, Graduate School of Medicine Juntendo University  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8730-2081","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takayuki","family":"Komatsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Health and Sports Science Juntendo University  Tokyo Japan"},{"name":"Department of Sports Medicine and Sportology, Graduate School of Medicine Juntendo University  Tokyo Japan"},{"name":"Juntendo Administration for Sports, Health and Medical Sciences Juntendo University  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuji","family":"Takazawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Health and Sports Science Juntendo University  Tokyo Japan"},{"name":"Department of Sports Medicine and Sportology, Graduate School of Medicine Juntendo University  Tokyo Japan"},{"name":"Juntendo Administration for Sports, Health and Medical Sciences Juntendo University  Tokyo Japan"},{"name":"Institute of Health and Sports Science &amp; 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