{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T17:43:52Z","timestamp":1790185432519,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774483200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774483200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Scandinavian Med Sci Sports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Preschoolers with better health\u2010related physical fitness (HRPF) have better cognitive and brain functioning. This study examined the associations between health\u2010related physical fitness and cognitive domains in preschool children, including the independent role of fitness components, potential moderators, and links to low cognitive achievement. This was a cross\u2010sectional study analyzing baseline data from a randomized controlled trial (MOVI\u2010HIIT) including 522 preschoolers aged 3\u20135\u2009years from 9 schools in Ciudad Real, Spain. Speed\u2010agility, upper and lower body muscle strength, cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), and balance were measured with the PREFIT battery. Cognition was measured using the Differential and General Aptitude Battery (numerical concepts and vocabulary), Flanker Task (inhibition), Dimensional Change Card Sort (cognitive flexibility), and Span of words (working memory); sex, age, socioeconomic status, and screen time were measured as covariates. All HRPF components were positively associated with all cognitive domains (\n                    <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.11\u20130.38; all\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009\u2264\u20090.050). ANCOVA models showed that children in higher categories of fitness components, except for lower body strength, had significantly better scores in numerical concepts, vocabulary, inhibition, and working memory. Cognitive flexibility was only associated with balance. Logistic regression models revealed that high levels of speed\u2010agility, upper body strength, CRF, and balance were associated with reduced odds of low cognitive performance. HRPF was associated with cognitive performance in preschoolers, with variations by fitness and cognitive domains. Balance, CRF, and speed\u2010agility emerged as key components associated with better cognitive outcomes. These findings support the relevance of HRPF in early cognitive development.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Clinical Trial Registration (If Any):<\/jats:bold>\n                    Mairena S\u00e1nchez\u2010L\u00f3pez NCT04863040. Deidentified individual participant data (including data dictionaries) will be made available, in addition to study protocols, the statistical analysis plan, and the informed consent form. The data will be made available upon publication to researchers who provide a methodologically sound proposal for use in achieving the goals of the approved proposal. Proposals should be submitted to\n                    <jats:email>mariaeugenia.visier@uclm.es<\/jats:email>\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.70268","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T04:45:43Z","timestamp":1774586743000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Association Between Health\u2010Related Physical Fitness and Cognition in Preschoolers:\n                    <scp>MOVI<\/scp>\n                    \u2010\n                    <scp>HIIT<\/scp>\n                    Study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0364-8032","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda E.","family":"Visier\u2010Alfonso","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad de Castilla\u2010La Mancha, Faculty of Nursing  Cuenca Spain"},{"name":"Universidad de Castilla\u2010La Mancha, Health and Social Research Center  Cuenca Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mairena","family":"S\u00e1nchez\u2010L\u00f3pez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad de Castilla\u2010La Mancha, Health and Social Research Center  Cuenca Spain"},{"name":"Universidad de Castilla\u2010La Mancha, School of Education  Ciudad Real Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0614-5561","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bruno","family":"Bizzozero\u2010Peroni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad de Castilla\u2010La Mancha, Health and Social Research Center  Cuenca Spain"},{"name":"Universidad de Castilla\u2010La Mancha, School of Education  Ciudad Real Spain"},{"name":"Universidad de la Rep\u00fablica, Department of Physical Education and Health, Higher Institute of Physical Education  Rivera Uruguay"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7673-986X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana","family":"D\u00edez\u2010Fern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad de Castilla\u2010La Mancha, Faculty of Nursing  Cuenca Spain"},{"name":"Universidad de Castilla\u2010La Mancha, Health and Social Research Center  Cuenca Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abel","family":"Ruiz\u2010Hermosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad de Castilla\u2010La Mancha, Health and Social Research Center  Cuenca Spain"},{"name":"Universidad de Extremadura, Faculty of Sport Sciences, ACAFYDE  C\u00e1ceres Spain"},{"name":"University of Huelva, Faculty of Education, Sports Sciences, and Psychology  Huelva Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6121-7893","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vicente","family":"Mart\u00ednez\u2010Vizca\u00edno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad de Castilla\u2010La Mancha, Faculty of Nursing  Cuenca Spain"},{"name":"Universidad de Castilla\u2010La Mancha, Health and Social Research Center  Cuenca Spain"},{"name":"Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Chile, Faculty of Medicine  Talca Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","first-page":"225","volume-title":"Neurocognitive Development: Normative Development. 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