{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T20:32:48Z","timestamp":1786480368083,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779148800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":18,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Scandinavian Med Sci Sports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Hypertension is a common chronic disease whose core pathological mechanism involves dysregulation of the neuro\u2013endocrine\u2013immune (NEI) network. In recent years, Tai Chi has been considered a potentially valuable intervention for chronic diseases; however, the biological mechanisms by which it regulates the NEI network remain unclear. This randomized controlled trial evaluated the effects of standardized Tai Chi training on blood pressure and NEI\u2010related biomarkers in patients with primary hypertension and compared these effects with those of an equivalent aerobic exercise intervention. A total of 105 patients were randomly assigned to a Tai Chi group, an aerobic exercise group, or a control group, and underwent a 24\u2010week intervention. Multiple statistical approaches, including linear mixed\u2010effects models, principal component analysis (PCA), and structural equation modeling (SEM), were applied to systematically analyze intervention effects. Intention\u2010to\u2010treat (ITT) analysis showed that Tai Chi intervention significantly reduced blood pressure while concurrently improving key NEI indicators such as acetylcholine, GABA, cortisol, and TNF\u2010\u03b1, demonstrating a coordinated \u201cstress\u2010reduction\u2013anti\u2010inflammatory\u201d effect. Structural equation modeling further confirmed \u201cacetylcholine \u2192 cortisol \u2192 TNF\u2010\u03b1 \u2192 SBP\u201d as a key mediating pathway. These findings indicate that Tai Chi exerts significant advantages in the non\u2010pharmacological management of hypertension by reshaping the NEI network, highlighting its important scientific and practical significance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Trial Registration:<\/jats:bold>\n                    International Traditional Medicine Clinical Trial Registry: ITMCTR2024000813\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.70272","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T18:15:14Z","timestamp":1779214514000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Tai Chi Intervention Improves Hypertension by Reshaping the Neuro\u2013Endocrine\u2013Immune Network via the Acetylcholine\u2013Cortisol\u2013\n                    <scp>TNF<\/scp>\n                    \u2010\u03b1 Pathway"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-5512-4604","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hui","family":"Fang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing Normal University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cuihan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing Normal University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qingshan","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Boshan District Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital  Zibo Shandong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meize","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing Normal University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lujia","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing Normal University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaojun","family":"Lyu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing Normal University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9604-0960","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jianwei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing Normal University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_15_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2018.14"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12875\u2010022\u201001918\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ckj\/sfad059"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms252413294"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/circresaha.121.318052"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/mnh.0000000000000862"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2340\/16501977\u20102683"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11906\u2010020\u20101031\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/6351938"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jicm.2022.0682"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2020.11.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.aau6426"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00219.2024"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2011.12.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2018.07.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01321"}],"container-title":["Scandinavian Journal of Medicine &amp; Science in Sports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/sms.70272","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/sms.70272","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/sms.70272","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T20:15:56Z","timestamp":1786479356000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/sms.70272"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/sms.70272"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/sms.70272","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0905-7188","1600-0838"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0905-7188","type":"print"},{"value":"1600-0838","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-09-15","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-03-20","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-05-19","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70272"}}