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Lower\u2010body muscle size is important, but it is difficult to determine which muscles have the greatest influence on speed, and it is unclear how much variance in speed between athletes can be explained by variance in muscle size alone. The purpose of this study was to determine how much variance in on\u2010field sprinting speed can be explained by individual and combined lower\u2010body muscle volumes. Sprint speed was measured in sixty\u2010six collegiate football players using inertial measurement units, and muscle volumes were determined using magnetic resonance imaging. Coefficients of determination were calculated between speed and individual muscle volumes, summed volumes, and optimized linear combinations of volumes. Psoas major volume explained the most variance in sprint speed (50%), followed by gluteus medius (45%) and gluteus maximus (37%). The top sum of three muscle volumes (psoas major, gluteus medius, piriformis) explained an additional 7% of the variance in speed compared with psoas major alone. Similarly, the top optimized linear combination of muscle volumes (psoas major, gluteus medius, piriformis) explained 9% more variance than psoas major alone. These results indicate that psoas major volume is most predictive of sprinting speed, and that accounting for multiple muscle volumes may have limited additional benefit.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.70283","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,18]],"date-time":"2026-04-18T13:54:49Z","timestamp":1776520489000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Lower\u2010Body Muscle Volumes Can Explain Half of the Variance in Sprint Speed Between Collegiate American Football Players"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Jack A.","family":"Martin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, Badger Athletic Performance University of Wisconsin\u2010Madison  Madison WI USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mikel R.","family":"Joachim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, Badger Athletic Performance University of Wisconsin\u2010Madison  Madison WI USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Silvia S.","family":"Blemker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Springbok Analytics  Charlottesville VA USA"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Virginia  Charlottesville VA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David A.","family":"Opar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sports Performance, Recovery, Injury and New Technologies (SPRINT) Research Centre, School of Behavioral and Health Sciences Australian Catholic University  Melbourne VIC Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2775-6994","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brett","family":"Mortensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BYU Athletics and Department of Exercise Sciences Brigham Young University  Provo UT USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bryan C.","family":"Heiderscheit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, Badger Athletic Performance University of Wisconsin\u2010Madison  Madison WI USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"name":"The HAMIR Study Group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.12723"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000003064"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000001678"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000002999"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000002522"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13104\u2010021\u201005487\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0249670"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/1.JMI.6.4.044009"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13102\u2010022\u201000520\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00772.2025"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2013.12.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.24972"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010024\u201065802\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/ryai.220132"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465241313235"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knee.2022.08.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000003421"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.22791"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.20974"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.23646"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2015.1908"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11357\u2010015\u20109798\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/23259671231155894"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_25_1","unstructured":"J.D'Errico fminsearchbnd fminsearchcon. 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