{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T20:32:55Z","timestamp":1786480375333,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]],"date-time":"2026-05-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778457600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":10,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000038","name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["03974"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["03974"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000038","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Scandinavian Med Sci Sports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    During blood flow restriction (BFR) exercise, blood becomes sequestered in the active limbs due to impeded venous return, contributing to central hypovolemia. Dehydration also reduces blood volume and can exacerbate the ability of the cardiovascular (CV) system to defend against CV stressors, such as exercise and orthostatic stress. As BFR becomes more widely used, its application in individuals who may be suboptimally hydrated underscores the need to understand how hydration status influences cardiovascular strain. We tested whether hypohydration affects the CV response to BFR exercise and its relationship to orthostatic tolerance. Seventeen participants (7 females) performed a lower\u2010body negative pressure test to assess orthostatic tolerance, and a bilateral BFR walking (5\u2009km\/h at 5% incline) bout under two conditions, counterbalanced: with regular fluid consumption (Hydrated), or after 24\u2010h of fluid restriction (Hypohydrated). Heart rate, beat\u2010to\u2010beat blood pressure, and thoracic impedance were continuously measured, from which stroke volume and cardiac output were estimated. Hypohydration reduced body mass (\u22122.3%\u2009\u00b1\u20090.7%,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.0001) and estimated blood volume (\u22124.1%\u2009\u00b1\u20093.1%,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.0001). Heart rate increased during BFR exercise in the hypohydrated state (124\u2009\u00b1\u200921 vs. 131\u2009\u00b1\u200923\u2009bpm,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.0016), but not during non\u2010BFR exercise (102\u2009\u00b1\u200912 vs. 104\u2009\u00b1\u200913\u2009bpm,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.76). Stroke volume, cardiac output, and blood pressure responses were maintained during hypohydrated exercise (all\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&gt;\u20090.21). Orthostatic tolerance did not differ between conditions (354\u2009\u00b1\u2009179 vs. 312\u2009\u00b1\u2009128\u2009mmHg\u2022min,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.17). The preservation of stroke volume, cardiac output, and orthostatic tolerance suggests that CV compensatory mechanisms during BFR exercise remain effective under mild hypohydration with the increased heart rate resulting from the manipulation of non\u2010vascular fluid compartments.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.70296","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]],"date-time":"2026-05-11T10:05:39Z","timestamp":1778493939000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Hypohydration Increases Heart Rate Despite Preserved Hemodynamic Compensation During Blood Flow Restricted Exercise"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7120-4818","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christopher","family":"Pignanelli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Health Science University of Guelph  Guelph Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gavin C.","family":"Lydiate","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Health Science University of Guelph  Guelph Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monica M.","family":"Grigore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Health Science University of Guelph  Guelph Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jenna C.","family":"McCrone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Health Science University of Guelph  Guelph Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katrin","family":"Turetskiy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Health Science University of Guelph  Guelph Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Regan E. J.","family":"Parris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Health Science University of Guelph  Guelph Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ella M.","family":"Bisset\u2010Cavallin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Health Science University of Guelph  Guelph Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexa A.","family":"Robertson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Health Science University of Guelph  Guelph Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander S. D.","family":"Gamble","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Health Science University of Guelph  Guelph Canada"},{"name":"Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences University of Limerick  Limerick Ireland"},{"name":"Sport and Human Performance Research Centre University of Limerick  Limerick Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip J.","family":"Millar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Health Science University of Guelph  Guelph Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael M.","family":"Tymko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Health Science University of Guelph  Guelph Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5449-3352","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jamie F.","family":"Burr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Health Science University of Guelph  Guelph Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Blood Flow Restriction Exercise Position Stand: Considerations of Methodology, Application, and Safety","volume":"10","author":"Patterson S. 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