{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,13]],"date-time":"2026-09-13T00:59:59Z","timestamp":1789261199233,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781136000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":10,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Scandinavian Med Sci Sports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Misuse of beta\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2010agonists to promote leanness is increasingly reported among young men undertaking resistance training. However, preclinical models demonstrate adverse cardiac remodeling with high\u2010dose beta\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2010agonist. We investigated effects of prolonged supratherapeutic treatment with salbutamol on body composition, cardiac morphology and function, and muscle oxidative phenotyping during resistance training. In a double\u2010blind, randomized trial, 30 healthy, trained men (age 23\u2009\u00b1\u20092\u2009years, mean\u2009\u00b1\u2009SD) received oral salbutamol 16\u2009mg\/day (SAL) or placebo (PLA) during an 11\u2010week, supervised full\u2010body resistance training program (3 sessions\/week). Assessments at baseline and follow\u2010up included dual\u2010energy X\u2010ray absorptiometry, echocardiography, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR), cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET), and vastus lateralis biopsies. The primary outcome was change in lean mass. Twenty\u2010six participants completed the study. Lean mass increased 1.8\u2009kg more in SAL than PLA (95% CI 0.5\u20133.1;\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.01). CMR showed no between\u2010group differences in cardiac structure or function, including left ventricular mass. Echocardiography showed increased posterior, septal, and relative wall thickness in SAL compared to PLA (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.01). Time to exhaustion during CPET did not change in SAL but increased by 7% in PLA (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.01). Muscle capillary density and citrate synthase and 3\u2010hydroxyacyl\u2010CoA dehydrogenase activity decreased in SAL (all\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.01), with no such changes in PLA. While supratherapeutic salbutamol augmented lean mass gains during resistance training, it concurrently impaired muscle oxidative capacity, attenuated cardiopulmonary fitness improvements, and showed echocardiographic signals consistent with increased wall thickness. These risk\u2013benefit trade\u2010offs inform illicit users of potential harms and support restrictions on supratherapeutic salbutamol in sports.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.70302","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T15:08:00Z","timestamp":1781190480000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Lean Mass Gains, Cardiac Remodeling, and Muscle Oxidative Changes With High\u2010Dose Salbutamol During Resistance Training: A Randomized Controlled Trial"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6201-2483","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Morten","family":"Hostrup","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Integrative Physiology University of Copenhagen  Copenhagen Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine Bispebjerg University Hospital  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S\u00f8ren","family":"Jessen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Integrative Physiology University of Copenhagen  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susanne Glasius","family":"Tischer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology Copenhagen University Hospital, Amager og Hvidovre Hospital  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anders","family":"Kalsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Integrative Physiology University of Copenhagen  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rakin","family":"Hadad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology Bispebjerg University Hospital  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip Lykkeb\u00e6k","family":"Bonde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology Bispebjerg University Hospital  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Kreiberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Integrative Physiology University of Copenhagen  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anders Schulze","family":"Gad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Integrative Physiology University of Copenhagen  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmad","family":"Sajadieh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology Bispebjerg University Hospital  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vibeke","family":"Backer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head &amp; Neck Surgery Rigshospitalet University Hospital  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jens","family":"Bangsbo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Integrative Physiology University of Copenhagen  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanne","family":"Rasmusen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology Bispebjerg University Hospital  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bcpt.12991"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2018.07.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/01.mss.0000210194.56834.5d"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2014-7932"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0396.1996.tb00462.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dta.2728"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/JP281819"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/JP275560"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000505978"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.hjr.0000224482.95597.7a"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2012-091186"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09687637.2016.1245713"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/expphysiol.2006.035014"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.01254.2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08897077.2013.772083"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09064709409410176"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00183.2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14814\/phy2.14266"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","first-page":"449","volume-title":"Sarcopenia\u2013Age\u2010Related Muscle Wasting and Weakness: Mechanisms and Treatments","author":"Ryall J. 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