{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T06:47:47Z","timestamp":1782283667935,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780963200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":8,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009065","name":"Centre of Excellence and Applied Sport Science Research, Queensland Academy of Sport","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009065","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Scandinavian Med Sci Sports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    We aimed to identify the physiological and muscle characteristics associated with mean power output in the final stage of a rowing incremental test in elite rowers. Twenty\u2010two national level rowers (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20099 female) completed the following assessments (i) a 7\u2010stage incremental rowing ergometer test to determine V\u0307O\n                    <jats:sub>2peak<\/jats:sub>\n                    , maximal muscle deoxygenation and final incremental stage mean power output, (ii) strength and power, (iii) lean body mass (LBM) by dual\u2010energy X\u2010ray absorptiometry, (iv) lower extremity muscle volumes using MR imaging, (v) muscle architecture using diffusion tensor imaging; and (vi) estimated muscle typology via proton MR spectroscopy. Hierarchical multiple linear regression was used to identify the characteristics associated with final incremental stage mean power output with sex and LBM as covariates. Sex explained a substantial proportion of the variance in final incremental stage mean power output (\n                    <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.74; adjusted \u0394\n                    <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.72;\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), while inclusion of LBM further improved model fit (\n                    <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.87; \u0394\n                    <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.13; adjusted \u0394\n                    <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.13;\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.006). After accounting for sex and LBM, V\u0307O\n                    <jats:sub>2peak<\/jats:sub>\n                    demonstrated the largest independent association with final incremental stage mean power output (\u0394\n                    <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.047; adjusted \u0394\n                    <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.047; partial\n                    <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.60;\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.0048), followed by the estimated proportion of type II fibers (\u0394\n                    <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.035; adjusted \u0394\n                    <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.033; partial\n                    <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.52;\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.0188). Most other muscle characteristics explained minimal additional variance. Sex and muscle characteristic interaction terms indicated no detectable sex\u2010specific differences in this small cohort. These findings highlight the diversity in the underpinning muscle characteristics and may inform personalized interventions targeted at improving rowing performance.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.70320","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T10:41:34Z","timestamp":1781001694000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Looking Under the Hood of Elite Rowers: Skeletal Muscle Determinants of Rowing Performance"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Phillip","family":"Bellinger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Griffith Sports Science Griffith University  Gold Coast Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taylor","family":"Dick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biomedical Sciences University of Queensland  St Lucia Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2284-1033","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Llion","family":"Roberts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Australian Centre for Precision Health and Technology Griffith University  Gold Coast Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clare","family":"Minahan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Griffith Sports Science Griffith University  Gold Coast Queensland Australia"},{"name":"Female Performance &amp; Health Initiative Australian Institute of Sport  Canberra Australian Capital Territory Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katsuki","family":"Takahashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Organization for Research Initiatives and Development Doshisha University  Kyoto Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8256-8035","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James P.","family":"Charles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences University of Liverpool  Liverpool UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kirstin","family":"Hannah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Queensland Academy of Sport  Nathan Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Wackwitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Griffith Sports Science Griffith University  Gold Coast Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eline","family":"Lievens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Movement and Sports Sciences Ghent University  Ghent Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Freek Van De","family":"Casteele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Movement and Sports Sciences Ghent University  Ghent Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-1410-9843","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ben","family":"Kennedy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mermaid Beach Radiology  Gold Coast Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven","family":"Duhig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Allied Health, Sport and Social Work Griffith University  Gold Coast Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fspor.2019.00028"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000002755"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-010-1683-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0838.2009.01025.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-002-0699-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.2023-0216"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/026404102320219383"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02640414.2018.1439434"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.201700827R"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00625.2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-4598(200011)23:11<1647::AID-MUS1>3.0.CO;2-M"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-020-04543-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","first-page":"S3","article-title":"Physiological Aspects of Training in Rowing","volume":"14","author":"Steinacker J. 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