{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T12:52:20Z","timestamp":1785761540341,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782950400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Scandinavian Med Sci Sports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The physiological determinants of explosive strength are usually investigated separately. We aimed to quantify the relative contributions of muscle excitation, structural, and mechanical determinants of rapid torque production in the knee extensors in a multi\u2010domain framework. Twenty\u2010four young adults performed ballistic isometric knee extensions. High\u2010density surface electromyographic (HD\u2010sEMG) signals were recorded from vasti lateralis and medialis muscles. Patellar tendon stiffness and muscle architecture were assessed via ultrasound. Impulse and RTD\n                    <jats:sub>peak<\/jats:sub>\n                    were outcomes. The predictors were from four domains: muscle excitation, muscle thickness, fascicle shortening velocity, and tendon stiffness. Linear regressions and LMG were used to quantify the weight of each predictor. The models explained substantial variance in impulse: R\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.62 (0\u201350\u2009ms), 0.76 (0\u201375\u2009ms), 0.74 (0\u2013100\u2009ms), 0.61 (0\u2013125\u2009ms), 0.70 (0\u2013150\u2009ms). Early impulse (50 and 75\u2009ms) was mainly explained by tendon stiffness and muscle excitation; mid\u2010phase impulse (100\u2009ms) by fascicle velocity and tendon stiffness; late impulse (125 and 150\u2009ms) by fascicle shortening velocity and muscle thickness. RTD\n                    <jats:sub>peak<\/jats:sub>\n                    was explained (R\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.70) by patellar tendon stiffness (~32% of impulse variance), fascicle velocity (~18%), muscle thickness (~12%), and muscle excitation (~8%). Four predictors across different neuromechanical domains explained up to 76% of the variance in rapid torque production. Interestingly, the determinants shift over time: tendon stiffness and muscle excitation dominate earlier, while fascicle dynamics and muscle size become more important later. RTD\n                    <jats:sub>peak<\/jats:sub>\n                    was largely determined by tendon stiffness and a balanced contribution of muscular predictors.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.70328","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T12:51:58Z","timestamp":1782996718000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Rapid Torque Production of the Knee Extensors: An Integrative Analysis of Neuromuscular and Muscle\u2013Tendon Determinants"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Francesco","family":"Salvaggio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuromuscular Function Research Group, School of Exercise and Sport Science University of Turin  Turin Italy"},{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences University of Turin  Turin Italy"},{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences University of Verona  Verona Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-6782-7506","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Baptiste","family":"Bizet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences University of Verona  Verona Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6232-9870","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samuel","family":"D\u2032Emanuele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences University of Verona  Verona Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michele","family":"Trinchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences University of Verona  Verona 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