{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T12:52:20Z","timestamp":1785761540265,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784678400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":21,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Scandinavian Med Sci Sports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Maximal intended velocity (MIV)\u2010based resistance training enhances explosive performance, yet it remains unclear whether different MIV modalities induce distinct neuromuscular adaptations. This study compared the effects of two\u2010way ballistic (TWB) and jump squat (JS) training on explosive strength and neuromuscular characteristics in highly trained sprinters. Forty highly trained male sprinters (Tier 3) were randomly assigned to TWB (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200920) or JS (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200920). Both groups completed 12 training sessions (5 sets of 8 repetitions at 50%\u201355% 1RM) over 6\u2009weeks. Pre\u2010 and post\u2010tests included countermovement jump (CMJ), consecutive CMJ (CCMJ), 30\u2010m sprint, isometric mid\u2010thigh pull (IMTP), 6\u2010s\u2009cycle sprint, vastus lateralis (VL) muscle architecture, and VL and biceps femoris (BF) activation during CCMJ performance. Both groups improved CMJ, CCMJ height, 30\u2010m sprint, and 6\u2010s\u2009cycle performance (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.05), with similar increases in VL muscle architecture. TWB showed a greater IMTP 100\u2010ms impulse improvement (\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b7p<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.25), while JS demonstrated greater improvements in the modified reactive strength index (RSImod;\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b7p<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.11). VL activation increased more after TWB than JS during take\u2010off (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001,\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b7p<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.30) and during landing (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001,\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b7p<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.58). TWB and JS training both improved explosive performance through different neuromuscular pathways. TWB training enhanced early\u2010phase force production and was associated with greater VL activation during take\u2010off, whereas JS training preferentially improved reactive strength, likely reflecting SSC\u2010related adaptations. These findings highlight that movement structure within MIV condition influences the direction of adaptation and should therefore be selected according to the specific performance qualities targeted in athletic training.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.70333","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T04:34:52Z","timestamp":1784781292000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effects of Two\u2010Way Ballistic Versus Jump Squat Training on Explosive Strength and Neuromuscular Adaptations in Highly Trained Sprinters"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-2134-6014","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yiheng","family":"Zeng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Strength and Conditioning Training Beijing Sport University  Beijing China"},{"name":"Force\u2010Velocity Laboratory Beijing Sport University  Beijing China"},{"name":"The Ministry of Education Engineering Research Center for Key Technologies and Integrated Systems in Physical Training Equipment  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junlei","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Strength and Conditioning Training Beijing Sport University  Beijing China"},{"name":"Force\u2010Velocity Laboratory Beijing Sport University  Beijing China"},{"name":"The Ministry of Education Engineering Research Center for Key Technologies and Integrated Systems in Physical Training Equipment  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fan","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Strength and Conditioning Training Beijing Sport University  Beijing China"},{"name":"Force\u2010Velocity Laboratory Beijing Sport University  Beijing China"},{"name":"The Ministry of Education Engineering Research Center for Key Technologies and Integrated Systems in Physical Training Equipment  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Strength and Conditioning Training Beijing Sport University  Beijing China"},{"name":"Force\u2010Velocity Laboratory Beijing Sport University  Beijing China"},{"name":"The Ministry of Education Engineering Research Center for Key Technologies and Integrated Systems in Physical Training Equipment  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhonghe","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Strength and Conditioning Training Beijing Sport University  Beijing China"},{"name":"Force\u2010Velocity Laboratory Beijing Sport University  Beijing China"},{"name":"The Ministry of Education Engineering Research Center for Key Technologies and Integrated Systems in Physical Training Equipment  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicholas","family":"Ripley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health and Society University of Salford  Salford UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olivier","family":"Girard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sports Science), The University of Western Australia  Perth Western Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Urs","family":"Granacher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sport and Sport Science, Exercise and Human Movement Science University of Freiburg  Freiburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Strength and Conditioning Training Beijing Sport University  Beijing China"},{"name":"Force\u2010Velocity 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