{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]],"date-time":"2026-11-02T05:26:58Z","timestamp":1793597218409,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790294400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790294400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Scandinavian Med Sci Sports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Sodium bicarbonate (SB) ingestion may improve high\u2010intensity exercise performance in efforts that range from 1 to 60\u2009min; however, to date, no studies have investigated the effects of SB supplementation during exercise, nor its potential to attenuate the fatigue\u2010induced decline in parameters of the power\u2010duration curve during prolonged exercise (i.e., durability). This study examined the effects of bicarbonate (BI) and carbohydrate (CHO) co\u2010ingestion via a novel gel format during exercise on subsequent sprint and time\u2010trial (TT) performance in cyclists. Eleven trained cyclists took part in this randomized, crossover study. Following one visit to establish a non\u2010fatigued power profile (3\u2009\u00d7\u20096\u2010s sprints, 2\u2010min TT and 12\u2010min TT cycling performance), participants completed two experimental trials consisting of 3\u2009h cycling at 95% gas exchange threshold and ingested CHO at a rate of 80\u2009g\u00b7h\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    with (CHO\u2009+\u2009BI; 18\u2009g of SB and 2\u2009g of potassium bicarbonate) or without BI co\u2010ingestion (CHO). Participants repeated the same power profiling protocol after the 3\u2009h submaximal exercise. Performance in the 12\u2010min TT was improved in the CHO\u2009+\u2009BI condition compared with CHO (+12\u2009W;\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.01,\n                    <jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20091.07). Mean power output in the 6\u2010s sprints (+12\u2009W;\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20091.00,\n                    <jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.18) and 2\u2010min TT (+6\u2009W;\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.888,\n                    <jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.32) were not significantly different between CHO\u2009+\u2009BI and CHO. There were no differences in gastrointestinal symptoms between conditions. These data suggest that BI and CHO co\u2010ingestion during prolonged exercise via a novel energy gel format improves subsequent 12\u2010min TT performance in a fatigued state with minimal gastrointestinal discomfort.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.70373","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T13:40:32Z","timestamp":1790343632000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Bicarbonate and Carbohydrate Co\u2010Ingestion During Exercise in a Novel Gel Format Improves Time\u2010Trial Performance After 3\u2009h of Moderate\u2010Intensity Exercise in Trained Cyclists"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0651-2010","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bernardo R.","family":"Norte","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences (RISES) Liverpool John Moores University  Liverpool UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-8445-2854","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alex","family":"Hickman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences (RISES) Liverpool John Moores University  Liverpool UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-5544-9247","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio Mu\u00f1oz","family":"Megias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences (RISES) Liverpool John Moores University  Liverpool UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0505-0352","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erick","family":"Mosquera\u2010Lopez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences (RISES) Liverpool John Moores University  Liverpool UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9529-2901","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"St\u00e9phane","family":"Bermon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health and Science Department World Athletics  Monaco Monaco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-7051-7020","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric","family":"Garrandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health and Science Department World Athletics  Monaco Monaco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5975-5342","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paolo E.","family":"Adami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health and Science Department World Athletics  Monaco Monaco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7395-5129","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kelsie O.","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences (RISES) Liverpool John Moores University  Liverpool UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5910-0220","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Mahon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences (RISES) Liverpool John Moores University  Liverpool UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6292-1356","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sam O.","family":"Shepherd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Precision Fuel &amp; Hydration, Ltd  Christchurch 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