{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T08:37:09Z","timestamp":1792831029214,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792800000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792800000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004191","name":"Novo Nordisk","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004191","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Scandinavian Med Sci Sports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    To determine how endurance training influences insulin sensitivity, metabolic flexibility, and mitochondrial function in individuals with and without type 2 diabetes (T2D). Insulin sensitivity (2\u2010step hyperinsulinaemic\u2013isoglycaemic clamp), metabolic flexibility, and mitochondrial respiratory capacity and H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    emission were assessed in participants with T2D (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200915) and controls (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200914) before and after 12\u2009weeks of supervised endurance training. Sensitivity analyses were performed using linear mixed\u2010effects models including all available participants. At baseline, glucose clearance was lower in individuals with T2D compared with controls. Training increased glucose clearance (mL\/min\/kg FFM) in both groups, with larger model\u2010derived improvements in T2D (Step 1: +1.43 [0.88\u20131.97]; Step 2: +3.18 [2.12\u20134.23]) than in controls (Step 1: +0.76 [0.21\u20131.31]; Step 2: +1.49 [0.53\u20132.45]). The group \u00d7 time interaction was significant at the higher insulin step. Metabolic flexibility to fat\u2014but not glucose\u2014was reduced in T2D and improved modestly with training. Mitochondrial respiratory capacity did not differ between groups; however, training decreased mitochondria\u2010specific respiration and H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    emission normalized to CS activity and respiration. Endurance training enhances insulin sensitivity and fat oxidation in individuals with T2D and induces favorable mitochondrial adaptations, despite the absence of intrinsic mitochondrial dysfunction.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.70383","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T07:53:11Z","timestamp":1792828391000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Endurance Training Improves Insulin Sensitivity, Metabolic Flexibility, and Mitochondrial Function in Type 2 Diabetes"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3197-9998","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Hansen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3714-2227","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sophie","family":"M\u00f8ller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The August Krogh Section for Human Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science University of Copenhagen  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1602-3031","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ida","family":"Blom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-8400-9055","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kristine K.","family":"Lange","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7024-8536","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andreas K.","family":"Ziegler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johanne E.","family":"Farlov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-1854-6876","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jacob","family":"Borch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-4054-1430","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sofie A.","family":"Hesselager","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-7974-8132","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonathan K.","family":"Hansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Liebmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mette H.","family":"Dal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7330-1723","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thorbj\u00f6rn","family":"\u00c5kerstr\u00f6m","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diabetes Pharmacology Novo Nordisk A\/S  M\u00e5l\u00f8v Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9724-5423","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J\u00f8rn W.","family":"Helge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen  Copenhagen 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