{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T06:41:04Z","timestamp":1792651264591,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792540800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792540800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Scandinavian Med Sci Sports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    This study compared the biomechanical profiles of elite and recreational distance runners across five measurement domains using wearable inertial sensors across treadmill speeds of 10\u201315\u2009km\/h. A total of 104 runners (52 elite; 52 recreational) were assessed using RunScribe sensors during an incremental treadmill protocol. Twenty\u2010three variables spanning spatiotemporal parameters, stiffness and force, impact loading, foot kinematics and vertical dynamics were recorded at each speed. Elite runners were matched 1:1 with recreational runners by sex, age, height, and body mass. For each variable, a linear mixed\u2010effects model (LMM) was fitted to within\u2010pair differences with pair\u2010level random intercepts and speed slopes, and speed and within\u2010pair body mass and age imbalances as fixed effects. FDR correction (Benjamini\u2013Hochberg) was applied to the 23 group\u2010effect and 23 interaction tests independently. Twelve of 23 variables (52.2%) showed a significant group effect, and six (26.1%) a significant group\u00d7speed interaction after FDR correction. Elite runners showed shorter contact time (\n                    <jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>z<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2009=\u2009\u22120.73 to \u22120.53), higher flight ratio (\n                    <jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>z<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2009=\u2009+0.52 to +0.66) and a more anterior footstrike pattern at initial contact (\n                    <jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>z<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2009=\u2009+0.58 to +0.67). RunScribe\u2010estimated vertical GRF rate and leg stiffness were also higher than in recreational runners (\n                    <jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>z<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2009=\u2009+0.48 to +0.75, and\u2009+\u20090.51 to +0.62, respectively). Step frequency and step length showed no overall group difference. Significant group\u00d7speed interactions revealed that, for most affected variables, values changed more steeply with speed in recreational runners. These findings describe a distinct mechanical profile in elite runners across the six evaluated submaximal speeds.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.70385","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T04:16:23Z","timestamp":1792642583000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Biomechanical Signature of Elite Distance Running: A Matched Pairs Analysis Across Multiple Speeds"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-7390-295X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C.","family":"Mayo\u2010Nieto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad San Jorge  Zaragoza Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5551-6037","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A.","family":"Cart\u00f3n\u2010Llorente","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad San Jorge  Zaragoza Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-4208-8196","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A.","family":"Rafales\u2010Perucha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad San Jorge  Zaragoza Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3804-1345","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S.","family":"Cardiel\u2010S\u00e1nchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad San Jorge  Zaragoza Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0588-0871","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"D.","family":"Ja\u00e9n\u2010Carrillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sport Science University of Innsbruck  Innsbruck Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8492-9244","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"L. E.","family":"Roche\u2010Seruendo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad San Jorge  Zaragoza Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbmt.2017.11.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/bioengineering9100497"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/a\u20102637\u20107283"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256\u2010200434070\u201000005"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2478\/hukin\u20102019\u20100036"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17461391.2018.1554707"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/bioengineering9110616"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010021\u201089858\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2023.1224459"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fspor.2023.1127749"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/app13116620"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279\u2010022\u201001760\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000491645"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1754337119876513"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4085\/1062\u20106050\u20100520.19"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fspor.2021.643385"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2020.2982568"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/23259671231204629"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","first-page":"187","article-title":"Predictive Variables of Half\u2010Marathon Performance for Male Runners","volume":"16","author":"G\u00f3mez\u2010Molina J.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Sports Science and Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0191688"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0b013e318231aafa"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2018.09.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s23052604"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s\u20100034\u20101372640"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_26_1","unstructured":"RunScribe \u201cRunScribe Pro Dashboard: Learn & Support [Stride Angle and Footstrike Type Metric Definitions]\u201d(2026) Scribe Labs Inc. 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