{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T16:47:01Z","timestamp":1791650821820,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,17]],"date-time":"2013-04-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1366156800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Skin Research and Technology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background\/purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>In air\u2010conditioned rooms, dry air exacerbates some skin diseases, for example, senile xerosis, atopic dermatitis, and surface roughness. Humidifiers are used to improve air dryness, which often induces excess humidity and thermal discomfort. To address this issue, we investigated the effects of water nanodroplets (mist) on skin hydration, which may increase skin hydration by penetrating into the interstitial spaces between corneocytes of the stratum corneum (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SC<\/jats:styled-content>) without increasing air humidity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We examined biophysical parameters, including skin conductance and transepidermal water loss (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TEWL<\/jats:styled-content>), and biomechanical parameters of skin distension\/retraction before and after suction at the forehead, lateral canthus, and cheek, with or without mist, in a testing environment (24\u00b0C, 35% relative humidity) for 120\u00a0min.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In the group without mist, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TEWL<\/jats:styled-content> values significantly decreased at all the sites after 1\u00a0h compared with the initial values. However, in the presence of mist, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TEWL<\/jats:styled-content> values were maintained at the initial values through the test, yielding significant differences vs. the group without mist. There were no significant differences between mist and mist\u2010free groups in terms of skin conductance. Skin distension was significantly increased in the group with mist compared with that in the group without mist at the forehead and cheek, suggesting a softening effect of mist.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Skin deformation of the face was improved by mist, suggesting hydration of the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SC<\/jats:styled-content> by mist. The change in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TEWL<\/jats:styled-content> was influenced by mist, suggesting supply of water to the skin, particularly the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SC<\/jats:styled-content>, by mist. These data indicated that a mist of water nanodroplets played an important role in softening skin in an air\u2010conditioned room without increasing excess humidity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/srt.12056","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,17]],"date-time":"2013-04-17T11:48:00Z","timestamp":1366199280000},"page":"375-383","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Effects of water nanodroplets on skin moisture and viscoelasticity during air\u2010conditioning"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Hideo","family":"Ohno","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology School of Medicine Aichi Medical University Nagakute Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naoki","family":"Nishimura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology School of Medicine Aichi Medical University Nagakute Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kuniyuki","family":"Yamada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hitachi Appliances, Inc. Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuuki","family":"Shimizu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology School of Medicine Aichi Medical University Nagakute Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Satoshi","family":"Iwase","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology School of Medicine Aichi Medical University Nagakute Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junichi","family":"Sugenoya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology School of Medicine Aichi Medical University Nagakute Japan"},{"name":"School of Nursing Sugiyama Jogakuen University Nagoya Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Motohiko","family":"Sato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology School of Medicine Aichi Medical University Nagakute Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2009.02.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00305008"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","first-page":"99","article-title":"A novel skin penetration enhancer: Evaluation by membrane diffusion and confocal microscopy","volume":"2","author":"Saunders JCJ","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Pharm Pharmaceut Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","first-page":"157","article-title":"Moisturizing effects of ionized water vapor on occupants' skin conductance and transepidermal water loss during air conditioning","volume":"47","author":"Ohno H","year":"2010","journal-title":"Jpn J Biometeorol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0846.2000.006004239.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1994.tb04975.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2007.08311.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0846.2010.00486.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-2509(02)00578-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-2494.2008.00459.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0846.2009.00400.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0022-202x.2001.01433.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0846.2002.00351.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0846.2009.00412.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","first-page":"257","volume-title":"Bioengineering of the skin: Water and the stratum corneum","author":"Wilhelm KP","year":"1994"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2012.01.047"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1396-0296.2004.04S1005.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000047989"}],"container-title":["Skin Research and Technology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fsrt.12056","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/srt.12056","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,1]],"date-time":"2023-10-01T23:17:53Z","timestamp":1696202273000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/srt.12056"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,17]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/srt.12056"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/srt.12056","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0909-752X","1600-0846"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0909-752X","type":"print"},{"value":"1600-0846","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,17]]}}}