{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T03:08:45Z","timestamp":1791947325857,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,3]],"date-time":"2013-09-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1378166400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Skin Research and Technology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Due to global marketing in the cosmetics industry, it is important to assess ethnic population susceptibility when evaluating the safety of cosmetic products or chemicals.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To investigate ethnic variations in skin irritation response to positive irritants.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Clinical testing was performed in four countries on two ethnic groups \u2013 Asian and Caucasian. We performed patch tests on the subjects\u2019 back with 0.5% aqueous sodium lauryl sulfate (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SLS<\/jats:styled-content>) and 0.15% retinol prepared in 1,3\u2010butylene glycol. Stinging tests were performed using 5% aqueous lactic acid and 0.001% (w\/v) capsaicin prepared in 10% ethanol solution separately.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The incidence of self\u2010perceived skin sensitivity was similar in the two ethnic groups. However, the incidence of adverse skin reaction to cosmetics appeared significantly higher in Asian (33.0%) than in Caucasian subjects (11.3%). For standard positive irritants such as 0.5% aqueous <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SLS<\/jats:styled-content> solution, Asian subjects showed significantly higher scores than Caucasian subjects. The incidence of positive reaction to the 0.15% retinol patch test tended to be higher in Asian than in Caucasian subjects. Our data also showed that neurosensitivity to 5% lactic acid and 0.001% capsaicin was higher in Asian than in Caucasian subjects.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Although self\u2010reported skin sensitivity does not appear to differ according to ethnicity, there are ethnic differences in objective and subjective skin irritation responses to several standard positive materials.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/srt.12111","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,3]],"date-time":"2013-09-03T12:13:23Z","timestamp":1378210403000},"page":"265-269","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Ethnic differences in objective and subjective skin irritation response: an international study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"E.","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Skin Research Division AmorePacific Corporation R&amp;D Center Yongin\u2010si Gyeonggi\u2010do Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Skin Research Division AmorePacific Corporation R&amp;D Center Yongin\u2010si Gyeonggi\u2010do Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Skin Research Division AmorePacific Corporation R&amp;D Center Yongin\u2010si Gyeonggi\u2010do Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S\u2010A.","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Skin Research Division AmorePacific Corporation R&amp;D Center Yongin\u2010si Gyeonggi\u2010do Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Skin Research Division AmorePacific Corporation R&amp;D Center Yongin\u2010si Gyeonggi\u2010do 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