{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T09:47:39Z","timestamp":1787996859405,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,20]],"date-time":"2016-07-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1468972800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Skin Research and Technology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our goal was to test the hypothesis that skin firmness correlates with skin hydration.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Dermal water was assessed by tissue dielectric constant (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TDC<\/jats:styled-content>) at 0.5 mm (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TDC<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>0.5<\/jats:sub>) and 2.5 mm (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TDC<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub>) depths on four face sites and two arm sites of 35 women (25.0 \u00b1 1.6 years). Firmness was determined by force (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">mN<\/jats:styled-content>) to indent skin to 0.3 mm (F<jats:sub>0.3<\/jats:sub>) and 1.3 mm (F<jats:sub>1.3<\/jats:sub>).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>F<jats:sub>0.3<\/jats:sub> was similar among face sites (avg = 16.2 \u00b1 7.2 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">mN<\/jats:styled-content>) but F<jats:sub>1.3<\/jats:sub> varied (avg = 32.5 \u00b1 4.1 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">mN<\/jats:styled-content>). <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TDC<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub> was similar among face sites (avg = 37.7 \u00b1 4.2) but <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TDC<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>0.5<\/jats:sub> varied (avg = 36.2 \u00b1 4.8). F<jats:sub>1.3<\/jats:sub> of arm sites was similar (avg = 60.2 \u00b1 18.6 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">mN<\/jats:styled-content>) and both greater than F<jats:sub>1.3<\/jats:sub> of neck (28.3 \u00b1 7.1 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">mN<\/jats:styled-content>) and face. Regression analysis showed a near\u2010zero correlation between forces and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TDC<\/jats:styled-content> at all sites.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The near\u2010zero correlation may be due to low skin interstitial hydraulic resistance to mobile water movement in healthy young skin. If true, then conditions in which dermal hydraulic conductance is reduced as in lymphedematous, diabetic, or aged skin are more likely show the hypothesized relationship. Our findings provide normalized reference values and suggest that such persons are an important population to study to test for a possible skin water\u2013indentation force relationship and its utilization for early diagnosis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/srt.12310","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,20]],"date-time":"2016-07-20T06:27:00Z","timestamp":1468996020000},"page":"112-120","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Skin indentation firmness and tissue dielectric constant assessed in face, neck, and arm skin of young healthy women"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Harvey N.","family":"Mayrovitz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medical Sciences Nova Southeastern University Ft. Lauderdale FL USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kelly","family":"Corbitt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Osteopathic Medicine Nova Southeastern University Ft. Lauderdale FL USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandra","family":"Grammenos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Osteopathic Medicine Nova Southeastern University Ft. Lauderdale FL USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Allen","family":"Abello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Osteopathic Medicine Nova Southeastern University Ft. Lauderdale FL USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jason","family":"Mammino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Osteopathic Medicine Nova Southeastern University Ft. Lauderdale FL USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejon.2014.07.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/lrb.2013.1132"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00535.2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultrasmedbio.2007.02.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0360-3016(01)02743-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/039463201002300422"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2014-205226"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2014.09.077"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2014.00123"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/wound.2012.0393"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physiolgenomics.00158.2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1871530311006040320"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.12-222695"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.112.300384"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0b013e3181adcf4b"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0846.2008.00324.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0846.2010.00486.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/srt.12094"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000022001"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1404.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0909-752X.2006.00146.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0909-725X.2005.00151.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0846.2010.00433.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_25_1","first-page":"83","article-title":"Mechanical testing of human skin in vivo (a provocative review aimed to stimulate a physiological\u2010pharmacological approach)","volume":"3","author":"Hartzshtark A","year":"1982","journal-title":"Rev Pure Appl Pharmacol Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0846.2001.70202.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1115\/1.2891127"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_28_1","first-page":"88","article-title":"Assessing lymphedema by tissue indentation force and local tissue water","volume":"42","author":"Mayrovitz HN","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lymphology"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_29_1","first-page":"168","article-title":"Changes in tissue water and indentation resistance of lymphedematous limbs accompanying low level laser therapy (LLLT) of fibrotic skin","volume":"44","author":"Mayrovitz HN","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lymphology"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0846.2012.00648.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0846.2000.006004214.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/srt.12116"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/srt.12086"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0846.2001.70211.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ics.12068"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/srt.12060"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0846.2010.00474.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0846.2007.00236.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1747.1998.00430.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1467-2494.1999.236815.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/807906"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_42_1","first-page":"349","volume-title":"Handbook of Non\u2010Invasive Methods and the Skin","author":"Manny\u2010Aframaian V","year":"1995"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0846.2009.00398.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/lrb.2009.0008"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-097X.2008.00814.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-097X.2007.00716.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0967-3334\/25\/2\/004"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/43\/3\/001"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/41\/11\/002"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1350-4533(96)00026-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/72.3.694"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1988.01670060015008"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMTT.1982.1131022"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1965.tb45401.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/j100842a024"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bem.2250020202"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMTT.1982.1131021"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/10.720202"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_59_1","first-page":"15","article-title":"Tissue dielectric constant (TDC) as an index of localized arm skin water: differences between measuring probes and genders","volume":"48","author":"Mayrovitz HN","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lymphology"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_60_1","first-page":"111","article-title":"Age\u2010related changes in male forearm skin\u2010to\u2010fat tissue dielectric constant at 300 MHz","volume":"12","author":"Mayrovitz HN","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Physiol Funct Imaging"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/srt.12232"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/srt.12249"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-097X.2012.01129.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ced.12588"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00128071-200102030-00003"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_66_1","first-page":"431","article-title":"Skin extensibility time in women. Changes in relation to sex hormones","volume":"69","author":"Berardesca E","year":"1989","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0846.2012.00650.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.2340\/0001555573404406","article-title":"The influence of water, glycerin, paraffin oil and ethanol on skin mechanics","volume":"73","author":"Overgaard Olsens L","year":"1993","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.2340\/0001555570245247","article-title":"Epidermal hydration and skin mechanics. The relationship between electrical capacitance and the mechanical properties of human skin in vivo","volume":"70","author":"Jemec GB","year":"1990","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-5122(89)90215-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1747.1998.00146.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/lrb.2009.0006"}],"container-title":["Skin Research and Technology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fsrt.12310","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fsrt.12310","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/srt.12310","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,24]],"date-time":"2023-09-24T11:19:53Z","timestamp":1695554393000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/srt.12310"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,20]]},"references-count":71,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/srt.12310"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/srt.12310","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0909-752X","1600-0846"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0909-752X","type":"print"},{"value":"1600-0846","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,20]]}}}