{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T09:47:36Z","timestamp":1787996856629,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,29]],"date-time":"2016-11-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1480377600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"L'Or\u00e9al Research & Innovation Group"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Skin Research and Technology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>A new electro\u2010mechanical device for measuring the lateral stiffness of the skin is now available. It basically allows to recording the forces that the skin opposes to a lateral displacement (1\u20132 mm) of a pinching type movement. Preliminary assays of this device to various skin sites and an artificial substrate aimed at defining its major characteristics (sensitivity, reproducibility, variations according to skin site).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The calibration of the device (Khelometer<jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>) and assessment of its reproducibility were carried out through the use of elastometer substrates of various stiffness's. The device was then used,<jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>, at different skin sites (scalp, inner and outer forearms, cheeks) of 213 healthy Japanese women of various ages. The short\u2010time effect of a hydrating regimen (7% glycerol) was recorded on the outer forearm.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>This new device offers an appreciable reproducibility<jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>(coefficient of variation of 2\u20134% and 5\u201314%, respectively). Unlike other biophysical methods, the Khelometer<jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>can be easily applied onto the human scalp that shows a higher stiffness than the two other skin sites, increasing with age and presence of alopecia. In all the three studied skin sites, the impact of age leads to significantly higher lateral skin stiffness (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LSS<\/jats:styled-content>, expressed as N\/mm) values. The latter were found significantly different between the two sides of the forearms where the outer (sun\u2010exposed) side showed statistically slightly higher<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LSS<\/jats:styled-content>, than the unexposed inner side.<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LSS<\/jats:styled-content>values found on cheeks (\u22480.5 N\/mm) were about four times lower than those of the scalp (\u22482 N\/mm) and about half those of forearms (\u22481 N\/mm). The effect of a 7% glycerol based formula was recorded 20 min post application onto the forearm, leading to a slight drop in<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LSS<\/jats:styled-content>(approx. 15%) as compared to a vehicle\u2010applied skin site.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>These preliminary studies clearly indicate that this new device, applicable to any skin site, offers appreciable assets such as sensitivity and reproducibility. Accordingly, it appears as a new approach in the non\u2010invasive biophysical measurements of the skin surface, in both advanced and applied research investigations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/srt.12331","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,29]],"date-time":"2016-11-29T05:32:51Z","timestamp":1480397571000},"page":"272-282","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Quantitating the lateral skin stiffness by a new and versatile electro\u2010mechanical instrument. Preliminary studies"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"M.","family":"Nomura","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nihon L'Or\u00e9al Research and Innovation Kawasaki Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Velleman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nihon L'Or\u00e9al Research and Innovation Kawasaki Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Pierre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"L'Or\u00e9al Research and Innovation Chevilly\u2010Larue France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"Flament","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"L'Or\u00e9al Research and Innovation Chevilly\u2010Larue France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","volume-title":"Skin bioengineering: techniques and applications in dermatology and cosmetology","author":"Corcuff P","year":"1998"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-08585-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/9781420003307"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/b16716"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0846.2003.00043.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000077836"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/CCID.S74401"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","first-page":"13","article-title":"In vivo measurement of stratum corneum elasticity","volume":"1","author":"Rigal J","year":"1985","journal-title":"Bioeng Skin"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0846.1997.tb00170.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12507753"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0846.2012.00634.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0846.2007.00236.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/1.1577349"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/OL.30.002275"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0625.2012.01497.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/srt.12019"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02640419508732249"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0846.2012.00664.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0846.2002.10308.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5114\/pdia.2013.38359"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0846.2004.00057.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2012.08.032"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0007-1226(78)90003-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-198401000-00036"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","first-page":"431","article-title":"Skin extensibility time in women. 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