{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,10]],"date-time":"2026-05-10T05:52:52Z","timestamp":1778392372708,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,29]],"date-time":"2018-04-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1524960000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Skin Research and Technology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The intradermal (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ID<\/jats:styled-content>) route for vaccination represents an effective alternative to subcutaneous (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SC<\/jats:styled-content>)\/intramuscular administration to induce protective immunity. However, a critical issue associated with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ID<\/jats:styled-content> vaccination is the precise delivery of solution in the upper dermis, which ensures enhanced immunity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We fabricated a hollow microneedle unit made of poly\u2010glycolic acid by injection molding and bonding, and created a dedicated prototype injector. To ensure <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ID<\/jats:styled-content> delivery of solution, the injected site was macroscopically and microscopically examined. Serum immunoglobulin G antibody production was measured by enzyme immunoassay and compared in groups of rats following either <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ID<\/jats:styled-content> delivery with microneedles or <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SC<\/jats:styled-content> administration with a 27\u2010G stainless needle of graded vaccine doses.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The unit used a tandem array of six microneedles, each with a side delivery hole, and a conduit inside for solution. Microneedles installed in the injector punctured the skin with the aid of a spring. Injection of solution formed a wheal due to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ID<\/jats:styled-content> distribution. Histologically, a wedge\u2010shaped skin defect in the upper skin corresponded to each puncture site. Antibody titers following vaccinations on days 1 and 8 were significantly higher with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ID<\/jats:styled-content> injection than with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SC<\/jats:styled-content> delivery on day 15 and every 7\u00a0days thereafter until day 36 with mumps vaccination, and until day 36 with varicella vaccination.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The microneedle unit presented here delivered solution intradermally without any difficulty and evoked antibody responses against viruses even with the reduced vaccine volume. Our findings confirm promising results of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ID<\/jats:styled-content> delivery as an immunogenic option to enhance vaccination efficacy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/srt.12576","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,30]],"date-time":"2018-04-30T04:29:11Z","timestamp":1525062551000},"page":"630-635","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Enhanced immunity in intradermal vaccination by novel hollow microneedles"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"N.","family":"Ogai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"ASTI Corporation  Hamamatsu Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"I.","family":"Nonaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ASTI Corporation  Hamamatsu Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Y.","family":"Toda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ASTI Corporation  Hamamatsu Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Ono","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ASTI Corporation  Hamamatsu Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Minegishi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ASTI Corporation  Hamamatsu Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Inou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ASTI Corporation  Hamamatsu Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Hachiya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ASTI Corporation  Hamamatsu Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1807-0800","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"H.","family":"Fukamizu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Hamamatsu University School of Medicine  Hamamatsu Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","first-page":"309","volume-title":"Skin Delivery Systems. 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