{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T05:35:15Z","timestamp":1790141715809,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,24]],"date-time":"2019-05-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1558656000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Skin Research and Technology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Increased tissue stiffness (also termed modulus) has been shown to be a characteristic of potential tumor metastasis. Measured values of the stiffness of tumors and cancer cells are reported in the literature to increase compared to neighboring normal tissues. Yet the relationship between the mechanical properties of cells and the extracellular matrix has yet to be correlated with the histopathology of cancerous lesions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We have developed a technique to do virtual biopsies of skin lesions by combining images made using optical coherence tomography with stiffness measurements made simultaneously using vibrational analysis. The technique is termed vibrational optical coherence tomography (VOCT).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this paper, we report that precancerous and cancerous lesions are characterized by changes in both the morphology and stiffness of the cellular components of the skin. The ratio of the peak heights that correspond to the epidermal (40\u201060Hz) and dermal (140\u2010160\u00a0Hz) resonant frequencies appear to be different for benign and cancerous or precancerous lesions compared with normal skin and scar.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cell\u2010to\u2010cell and epidermal\u2010to\u2010dermal interactions may be very important in evaluating the potential of skin lesions to become malignant. These interactions can be evaluated using VOCT, a new technique for performing \u201cvirtual biopsies\u201d of skin lesions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/srt.12712","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,25]],"date-time":"2019-05-25T05:14:40Z","timestamp":1558761280000},"page":"743-749","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Comparative \u201cvirtual biopsies\u201d of normal skin and skin lesions using vibrational optical coherence tomography"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2480-9264","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Frederick H.","family":"Silver","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey Piscataway New Jersey"},{"name":"OptoVibronex, LLC. Mt. Bethel Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruchit G.","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey Piscataway New Jersey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Richard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neigel Center for Cosmetic and Laser Surgery Florham Park New Jersey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dominick","family":"Benedetto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Advanced Eye Care Vero Beach Florida"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","unstructured":"DewanSS.Global markets and technologies for optical coherence tomography. ISNB 2015; 1\u201062296\u2010115\u20103."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/srt.12349"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.a.35859","article-title":"A method for non\u2010destructive mechanical testing of tissues and implants","volume":"105","author":"Shah R","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Biomed Mat Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","first-page":"174","article-title":"Non\u2010invasive viscoelastic behavior of human skin and decellularized dermis using vibrational OCT","volume":"3","author":"Silver FH","year":"2017","journal-title":"Derm Clinics & Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.a.36344"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4236\/msa.2017.812064"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/srt.12594"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22259\/2638-4914.0102002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4236\/wjm.2019.91001"},{"issue":"16","key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","first-page":"279","article-title":"Biophysics of tumor microenvironment and cancer metastasis: a mini review computational and structural","volume":"2018","author":"Emon B","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biotechnol J"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23937\/2469-5750\/1510067"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/48\/14\/310"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/52\/6\/002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/c5ib00040h"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.4173"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12668-016-0191-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","volume-title":"Mechanosensing and Mechanochemical Transduction in Extracellular Matrix","author":"Silver FH","year":"2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/210813"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines5040071"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13555-016-0165-y"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","first-page":"CD003412","article-title":"Interventions for basal cell carcinoma of the skin","author":"Bath\u2010Bath\u2010Hextall FJ","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/21688370.2017.1356900"}],"container-title":["Skin Research and Technology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fsrt.12712","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/srt.12712","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/srt.12712","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/srt.12712","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,9]],"date-time":"2023-09-09T13:53:06Z","timestamp":1694267586000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/srt.12712"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,24]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/srt.12712"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/srt.12712","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0909-752X","1600-0846"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0909-752X","type":"print"},{"value":"1600-0846","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2019-04-08","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-04-28","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-05-24","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}