{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,25]],"date-time":"2026-01-25T02:19:20Z","timestamp":1769307560340,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,5]],"date-time":"2019-12-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1575504000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Skin Research and Technology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Nowadays, nail care products are extremely important both in medical and cosmetic fields. Actually, there are only a very few \u201cin vivo\u201d methods to evaluate the safety and the efficacy of nail products.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The new apparatus, based on a recently patented technology, is developed for the \u201cin vivo\u201d evaluation of nails in terms of thickness, structural firmness, flattening, and bending properties. The device analyzes nails by an \u201cin vivo\u201d non\u2010invasive methodology in a timely way and with high accuracy. The assessment of the resistance to compression measures the cohesion of the nail matrix (nail firmness), while the evaluation of the resistance to transversal deformation detects the elasticity of the nail plate. Furthermore, the apparatus is able to assess the nail thickness and the flexibility of their distal edge.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The instrument provides nail thickness and several parameters reflecting mechanical properties of nail plate: Viscoelasticity expressed as viscoelasticity index (VI), structural strength\/ firmness expressed as Firmness Index (FI), and viscoelasticity of the distal edge expressed as Bending Index (BI).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The instruments described in this work represent an innovative apparatus for the safety and efficacy evaluation of nail products in several fields: cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and medical devices.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/srt.12818","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,5]],"date-time":"2019-12-05T09:38:27Z","timestamp":1575538707000},"page":"422-430","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Nail StrainStress Meter NM 100: A novel in vivo method to characterize biomechanical properties of nails"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8774-8534","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paola","family":"Perugini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Drug Sciences University of Pavia Pavia Italy"},{"name":"EticHub s.r.l. Academic Spin\u2010off University of Pavia Pavia Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefano","family":"Sacchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Drug Sciences University of Pavia Pavia Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giorgio","family":"Musitelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Drug Sciences University of Pavia Pavia Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2013.06.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1529-8019.2012.01516.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1529-8019.2012.01518.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/180496"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2005.07.073"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-016-0564-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Onychodystrophy and its management","volume":"1","author":"Oppel T","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ger Med Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","first-page":"509","article-title":"The diagnosis and treatment of nail disorders","volume":"113","author":"Wollina U","year":"2016","journal-title":"Dtsch Arztebl Int"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/03639045.2011.637931"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1529-8019.2012.01543.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1473-2165.2005.00313.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ics.12371"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0909-752X.2006.00141.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0846.2001.007001060.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/000155501750376249"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/GOX.0000000000000057"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmatsci.2015.06.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","unstructured":"MusitelliG PeruginiP SacchiS.System for determining the morphological characteristics and mechanical properties of living or reconstituted tissues in particular cutaneous appendages or structures associated therewith 2013 TO2013A001064 PCT\/IB2014\/067260 patent released 18\/03\/2016."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2010.07.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0378-6323.18941"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pop.2015.08.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMicm1801633"}],"container-title":["Skin Research and Technology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fsrt.12818","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/srt.12818","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/srt.12818","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/srt.12818","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,6]],"date-time":"2023-09-06T09:22:12Z","timestamp":1693992132000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/srt.12818"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,5]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/srt.12818"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/srt.12818","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0909-752X","1600-0846"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0909-752X","type":"print"},{"value":"1600-0846","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2019-07-30","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-10-29","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-12-05","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}