{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T15:53:24Z","timestamp":1790610804717,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,18]],"date-time":"2020-06-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1592438400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"TOOsonix A\/S"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Skin Research and Technology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>High\u2010intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) operating at 20\u00a0MHz is new and potentially applicable to ablative tattoo removal. The method was documented safe and rational in preclinical testing.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>High\u2010intensity focused ultrasound was introduced to subjects when lasers and dermatome shaving had failed or caused side effects. Transducers with focal depths between 1.1\u00a0mm and 1.7\u00a0mm in the skin were used, and settings of 0.4\u20101.2\u00a0J\/shot at pulse durations of 150\u00a0ms were applied. Tattoos were covered with synergistic \u201cshoulder\u2010by\u2010shoulder\u201d focused ultrasound shots. Effectiveness and side effects were measured.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Twenty\u2010two subjects with 67 tattoos were treated. 62% benefitted (19% cleared, 43% partially cleared), and 28% had minor effect. VAS pain was 5\u20106 versus 7\u20109 with previous lasers removal. Wound healing was longer after HIFU ablation (1\u20103\u00a0months). 57% of subjects had no scar or minor visible changes of skin surface markings only, while 19% had moderate or major skin thickening. Hypertrophic scar or keloid scars were not observed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion\/Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>High\u2010intensity focused ultrasound was effective in removal of difficult tattoos of any color where Nd:YAG lasers had failed. The method only needs 1\u20103 sessions. As an ablative method, the wound healing period is longer than with laser removal and needs attention. Focused ultrasound can be used as a first\u2010line treatment of smaller tattoos independent of color, and second line when Nd:YAG lasers have failed or caused problems. The operator shall be qualified, as with lasers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/srt.12885","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,18]],"date-time":"2020-06-18T05:50:38Z","timestamp":1592459438000},"page":"839-850","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["High\u2010frequency (20 MHz) high\u2010intensity focused ultrasound: New ablative method for color\u2010independent tattoo removal in 1\u20103 sessions. An open\u2010label exploratory study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"J\u00f8rgen","family":"Serup","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Bispebjerg University Hospital Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3918-1182","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Torsten","family":"Bove","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"TOOsonix A\/S Horsholm Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomasz","family":"Zawada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"TOOsonix A\/S Horsholm Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Jessen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"TOOsonix A\/S Horsholm Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mattia","family":"Poli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"TOOsonix A\/S Horsholm Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000369174"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000450773"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000450809"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000450811"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000450812"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1610-0387.2007.06333.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0625.2009.00925.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.14124"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000452966"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/09546634.2014.999021"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/srt.12578"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10354-015-0353-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","unstructured":"Focused Ultrasound Foundation.State of the Field 2019.https:\/\/www.fusfoundation.org\/. 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Patent application WO. 2018\/158355 A1."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/srt.12661"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1090820X12445576"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/RRFU.S49900"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","unstructured":"TOOsonix System ONE\u2010R system description. Available fromhttps:\/\/www.toosonix.com\/. 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