{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T11:48:53Z","timestamp":1791287333907,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,14]],"date-time":"2020-07-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1594684800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Skin Research and Technology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Vitiligo is an acquired pigmentary skin disorder characterized by depigmented macules and patches which brings many challenges for the patients suffering from. For vitiligo severity assessment, several scoring methods have been proposed based on morphometry and colorimetry. But, all methods suffer from much inter\u2010 and intra\u2010observer variations for estimating the depigmented area. For all mentioned assessment methods of vitiligo disorder, accurate segmentation of the skin images for lesion detection and localization is required. The image segmentation for localizing vitiligo skin lesions has many challenges because of illumination variation, different shapes and sizes of vitiligo lesions, vague lesion boundaries and skin hairs and vignette effects. The manual image segmentation is a tedious and time\u2010consuming task. Therefore, using automatic image segmentation methods for lesion detection is necessarily required.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this study, a novel unsupervised stack ensemble of deep and conventional image segmentation (SEDCIS) methods is proposed for localizing vitiligo lesions in skin images. Unsupervised segmentation methods do not require prior manual segmentation of vitiligo lesions which is a tedious and time\u2010consuming task with intra\u2010 and inter\u2010observer variations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our collected dataset includes 877 images taken from 21 patients with the resolution of 5760*3840 pixels suffering from vitiligo disorder. Experimental results show that SEDCIS outperforms the compared methods with accuracy of 97%, sensitivity of 98%, specificity of 96%, area overlapping of 94%, and Dice index of 97%.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The proposed method can segment vitiligo lesions with highly reasonable performance and can be used for assessing the vitiligo lesion surface.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/srt.12920","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,14]],"date-time":"2020-07-14T09:21:06Z","timestamp":1594718466000},"page":"126-137","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Proposing a novel unsupervised stack ensemble of deep and conventional image segmentation (SEDCIS) method for localizing vitiligo lesions in skin images"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5824-9798","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Toktam","family":"Khatibi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Industrial and Systems Engineering Tarbiat Modares University (TMU) Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Niloofar","family":"Rezaei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Industrial and Systems Engineering Tarbiat Modares University (TMU) Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leila","family":"Ataei Fashtami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Regenerative Medicine Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology &amp; Technology Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mehdi","family":"Totonchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Reproductive Imaging Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine ACECR Tehran Iran"},{"name":"Department of Andrology Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine ACECR Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","first-page":"688","article-title":"Beyond traditional treatment: the importance of psychosocial therapy in Vitiligo","volume":"17","author":"Rzepecki AK","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Drugs Dermatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.15560"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2015.12.040"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.16563"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2012.04505.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-2607(99)00003-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patrec.2019.12.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compmedimag.2010.09.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imu.2019.100282"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICACC.2013.48"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bspc.2019.04.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2018.11.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmpb.2019.07.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cogsys.2018.12.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0846.2011.00610.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/09546634.2011.596184"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_18_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition","author":"Gupta M"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_19_1","first-page":"728","volume-title":"Adaptive Digital Makeup. 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