{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,14]],"date-time":"2025-05-14T02:02:35Z","timestamp":1747188155635,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,6]],"date-time":"2020-10-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1601942400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Skin Research and Technology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Establishing a noninvasive method to estimate skin damage immediately after ultraviolet (UV) exposure is required to minimize the anticipated severe symptoms triggered by early phase UV\u2010induced reactions in the skin. To develop a suitable method, we focused on ultraweak photon emission (UPE) immediately after UV exposure to characterize the relationship of UPE to skin photodamage caused by the UV exposure.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Analysis of the correlation between UV\u2010induced UPE and erythema formation characterized by skin redness was conducted in a clinical study. To clarify the source of UPE, time\u2010dependent lipid oxidation was analyzed in human epidermal keratinocytes in vitro using a fluorescence indicator as well as the lipid hydroperoxide (LPO) assay.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The average amount of UV\u2010induced long\u2010lasting UPE per second, especially from 1 to 3\u00a0minutes compared to other time periods after the UV radiation, increased in a dose\u2010dependent manner and was highly correlated with the intensity of cutaneous redness 24\u00a0hours after UV exposure. In addition, cellular examinations elucidated that both the long\u2010lasting UPE signals and the increased amounts of LPO 2\u00a0minutes after UV radiation were significantly suppressed by Trolox (a vitamin E derivative), which has been shown to inhibit UV\u2010induced erythema formation in human skin.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Long\u2010lasting UPE generated between 1 and 3\u00a0minutes immediately after UV exposure, which is associated with LPO production, is a valuable indicator to estimate and\/or avoid severe cutaneous photodamage.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/srt.12944","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,6]],"date-time":"2020-10-06T22:08:16Z","timestamp":1602022096000},"page":"309-315","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Exploitation of long\u2010lasting ultraweak photon emission to estimate skin photodamage after 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