{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T22:58:00Z","timestamp":1778713080598,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,6]],"date-time":"2021-01-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609891200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Skin Research and Technology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>In vitro skin permeation experiments are highly relevant for pharmaceutical, cosmetic, agricultural developments, and regulatory evaluation. A key requirement is the skin barrier integrity, that is accompanied by an intact <jats:italic>stratum corneum<\/jats:italic> (SC) which implements high skin quality. A variety of integrity tests are currently available, for example, measurement of transepidermal water loss, monitoring the permeation of tritiated water and the measurement of transdermal electrical resistance (TER).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We aimed for a non\u2010destructive examination of barrier integrity as quality control system, based on TER. Therefore, the in\u2010house developed instrument SkinTER measures electrical resistance on excised human skin samples in a non\u2010invasive and easy\u2010to\u2010use pattern. In this proof of concept study, we compared three human in vitro skin models with focus on their TER and permeation properties. The skin integrity was impaired to mimic conditions of skin during age, lifestyle (eg, shaving) or diseases (eg, obesity, psoriasis, and atopic dermatitis). The OECD permeation marker caffeine was correlated to the corresponding TER value.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A correlation between both was obtained by having a Pearson coefficient of \u22120.830. Hereby, a minimum TER value for intact skin samples of ~1.77\u00a0k\u2126*cm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> was suggested. Intact samples are significantly different (\u03b1\u00a0=\u00a0\u22640.05) to their impaired counterparts in flux and TER values.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The new SkinTER instrument gives a quick and non\u2010invasive feedback on skin quality before a permeation experiment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/srt.12998","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,7]],"date-time":"2021-01-07T21:24:44Z","timestamp":1610054684000},"page":"668-675","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Development and evaluation of a quality control system based on transdermal electrical resistance for skin barrier function in vitro"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Katharina","family":"Knoth","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Drug Delivery PharmBioTec GmbH Saarbr\u00fccken Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ralf\u2010Kilian","family":"Z\u00e4h","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scienceneering UG Blieskastel Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Veldung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dr. med. Barbara Veldung Specialist in Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery Saarbr\u00fccken Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dominic","family":"Burgio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scienceneering UG Blieskastel Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Birgit","family":"Wiegand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Drug Delivery PharmBioTec GmbH Saarbr\u00fccken Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hans","family":"Smola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paul Hartmann AG Heidenheim Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Udo","family":"Bock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bock Project Management Tawern Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Claus\u2010Michael","family":"Lehr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology Department of Pharmacy Saarland University Saarbr\u00fccken Germany"},{"name":"Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS) Helmholtz Center for Infection Research (HZI) Saarbr\u00fccken Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2018-7688","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marius","family":"Hittinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Drug Delivery PharmBioTec GmbH Saarbr\u00fccken Germany"},{"name":"3RProducts Marius Hittinger Blieskastel Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Henrik","family":"Gro\u00df","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Drug Delivery PharmBioTec GmbH Saarbr\u00fccken Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","first-page":"33","article-title":"Directive 2010\/63\/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 Sep. 2010 on the protection of animals used for scientific purposes","volume":"2010","author":"European Parliament","year":"2010","journal-title":"Off J Eur Union"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","unstructured":"OECD.TG 442E: In Vitro Skin Sensitisation Assays Addressing the Key Event on Activation of Dendritic Cells on the Adverse Outcome Pathway for Skin Sensitisation.2018."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","unstructured":"OECD.TG 428: Guideline for the testing of chemicals Skin Absorption: in vitro Method.2004."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","unstructured":"OECD.Guidance Document for the conduct of Skin Absorption Studies OECD Series on testing and assessment Number 28.2004."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","unstructured":"Scientific Commitee on Consumer Safety.Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety SCCS Basic criteria for the in vitro assessment of dermal absorption of cosmetic ingredients.2010;(June)."},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) Guidance on dermal absorption","volume":"15","author":"Buist H","year":"2017","journal-title":"EFSA J"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4161\/21688370.2014.974451"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2016.08.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Skin barriers in dermal drug delivery: which barriers have to be overcome and how can we measure them?","author":"Gorzelanny C","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11095-012-0946-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","unstructured":"EMEA.European Medicines Agency Guideline on quality of transdermal patches (EMA\/CHMP\/QWP\/608924\/2014).2014;44(October 2014):27."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2014.09.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-5173(98)00137-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1747.2002.01760.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2009.06.030"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2005.10.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2003.10.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0887-2333(02)00084-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","first-page":"1258","article-title":"Data on the determination of human epidermis integrity in skin permeation experiments by electrical resistance","volume":"21","author":"Musazzi UM","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci Direct"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","unstructured":"Pharmcopeial Forum.Topical and Transdermal Drug Products \u2010 Product Performance Tests. 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