{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]],"date-time":"2025-12-22T19:33:29Z","timestamp":1766432009202,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,17]],"date-time":"2021-05-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1621209600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Skin Research and Technology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To establish a visual assessment scale for the severity of dark circles' pigmented and vascular type in Chinese women.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and method<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 269 healthy Chinese women from Shanghai with different degrees of dark circles', both pigmented and vascular types, were evaluated by visual assessment. Photographs of their dark circles were analyzed by image analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The visual assessment evaluation on classification and severity showed a favorable agreement between the successive measured results. Significant differences from very slight to severe dark circles for pigmented type and vascular type were observed. The severity level by visual assessment was significantly positively correlated with \u0394E values while negatively correlated with \u0394L values (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.01) in both pigmented and vascular types. Besides, \u0394a values of vascular type were significantly positively correlated with the \u0394E values for dark circles' vascular type. Values between \u0394E and \u0394L also showed a significant negative correlation (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.01).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The five\u2010point visual assessment scale for dark circles of vascular and pigmented types was verified and proved to have good repeatability. The image analysis's objective result proved significant and consistent with the visual assessment and color parameters. This scale could be a useful and effective tool in diagnosing dark circles' severity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/srt.13052","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,17]],"date-time":"2021-05-17T12:21:11Z","timestamp":1621254071000},"page":"1023-1028","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Establishment of visual assessment for the severity of dark circles in Chinese Han women"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Yimei","family":"Tan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Skin &amp; Cosmetic Research Department Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yanwen","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai China\u2010norm Information Technology Co. Ltd Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5240-0757","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiaping","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai China\u2010norm Information Technology Co. Ltd Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hua","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai China\u2010norm Information Technology Co. Ltd Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuchen","family":"Qiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai China\u2010norm Information Technology Co. 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