{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T10:15:21Z","timestamp":1791195321939,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,13]],"date-time":"2022-04-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1649808000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Skin Research and Technology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Facial massage is empirically known to be associated with morphological changes, such as improvements in facial sagging. However, quantified objective evaluations of massage\u2010induced changes have not been performed to date. This preliminary pilot study aimed to verify the effectiveness of facial massages by using breakthrough computed tomographic technology.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Five healthy adult volunteers (three women and two men; age, 29\u201337 years) were enrolled, and computed tomography (CT) examinations using a 320 detectors\u2010spiral CT system known as 320\u2010multidetector\u2010row CT (MDCT) were performed before and after facial massages. Each participant performed a self\u2010massage twice daily for 2 weeks. Massage\u2010induced changes in the cheeks and the superficial musculoaponeurotic system (SMAS) were analyzed by two radiologists on a workstation with a high\u2010accuracy imaging analysis system.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      After facial massage, the malar top became thinner by \u22120.8% \u00b1 0.45% and shifted cranially and horizontally over a distance of 3.9 \u00b1 1.94\u00a0mm. The SMAS\u2010height, defined as the highest vertical distance of the SMAS, increased by 2.6% \u00b1 2.6%. The change rate in cheek thickness and SMAS\u2010height showed a significant correlation (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0\u22120.63;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05). These changes were attributed to the lifting and tightening effects of facial massage.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a detailed analysis of the effects of facial massages by using the breakthrough CT technology. Our results provide useful information for beauty treatments and could contribute to the collection of objective scientific evidence for facial massages.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/srt.13152","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,13]],"date-time":"2022-04-13T07:05:54Z","timestamp":1649833554000},"page":"472-479","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Objective analysis of the effectiveness of facial massage using breakthrough computed tomographic technology: A preliminary pilot study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2325-974X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Itsuko","family":"Okuda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic Radiology International University of Health and Welfare (IUHW)  Mita Hospital Tokyo Japan"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Anatomy Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU)  Tokyo Japan"},{"name":"Aging Imaging Laboratory Inc.  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0013-2225","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mizuho","family":"Takeda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aging Imaging Laboratory Inc.  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7625-6094","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Masahiro","family":"Taira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Laboratories KOS\u00c9 Corporation  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6412-7690","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Toyoaki","family":"Kobayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Laboratories KOS\u00c9 Corporation  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3556-1380","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ken","family":"Inomata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Laboratories KOS\u00c9 Corporation  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2615-3374","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Naoki","family":"Yoshioka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology International University of Health and Welfare (IUHW)  Chiba Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctcp.2014.07.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00540-010-1001-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctcp.2007.03.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00140139508925240"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/srt.12809"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/srt.12345"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/asj\/sjaa305"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","first-page":"117","article-title":"Imaging anatomy of the facial superficial structures and imaging descriptions of facial aging","volume":"30","author":"Okuda I","year":"2012","journal-title":"Jpn J Diagn Imaging."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00266-011-9829-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/asj\/sjaa021"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/exd.13827"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","first-page":"46","volume-title":"Atlas of aesthetic face and neck surgery","author":"LaTrenta GS","year":"2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/srt.13058"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00266-009-9355-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2015.02.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCEP.111.968313"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2018.09.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12514347"}],"container-title":["Skin Research and Technology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/srt.13152","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/srt.13152","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/srt.13152","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,24]],"date-time":"2023-08-24T00:30:22Z","timestamp":1692837022000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/srt.13152"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,13]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/srt.13152"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/srt.13152","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0909-752X","1600-0846"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0909-752X","type":"print"},{"value":"1600-0846","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-09-08","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-03-09","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-04-13","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}