{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T14:46:59Z","timestamp":1787582819247,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,4]],"date-time":"2022-07-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656892800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Skin Research and Technology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Facial skin characteristics and appearance vary according to ethnicity. While much of this knowledge is derived from the Caucasian population, lately there have been efforts to gain such understanding in various regions in Asia.\u00a0\u00a0In this paper, we have built an understanding of such features in Indonesia. In Indonesia, a section of females wears a traditional veil (hijab) to cover the scalp and part of face. The influence of the hijab on facial skin attributes was also investigated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In\u00a0a cross\u2010sectional observational study design\u00a0involving 419 female volunteers in Jakarta, Indonesia, facial skin attributes (colour, radiance, hydration, trans\u2010epidermal water loss [TEWL], wrinkles, fine lines, pores, and sebum levels) and conditions (melasma, post\u2010inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH), solar lentigines\/ senile lentigines, seborrheic keratoses and acne) were assessed by trained operators and dermatologists using standard validated instruments and scales.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>With age, facial skin colour showed darkening in cheek; forehead on the other hand showed slight lightening. The skin evenness and radiance decreased, substantially. Aging attributes measured in terms of lines, wrinkles, and under\u2010eye dark circles showed deterioration with age; the decline was progressively faster than colour change. Facial image data analysis corroborated these findings.\u00a0Skin hydration remained similar across the age groups even though the skin barrier function measured in terms of TEWL improved with age. Sebum levels in the skin were similar up to the age of 50 but declined in the next group of 50\u201360 year.\u00a0Pore severity increased with age. Melasma, seborrheic keratosis and PIH showed a high prevalence (&gt;\u223c50%) at the young age group (20\u201330 years), itself. Melasma prevalence attained 100% in the age group of 41\u201350 year and onwards, and its severity similarly showed a steady rise with age. PIH on the other hand showed a steady decline with age. Solar lentigines prevalence (\u223c30%) did not change much across age groups, and the severity scores were similar in age groups up to 50 year but increased substantially in 51\u201360\u2010year age groups. Seborrheic keratosis was similar (\u223c47%) in age groups up 20\u201340 year but steadily increased in upper age groups.\u00a0Its severity was similar in the age groups of 20\u201330 year and 31\u201340 year but showed a two\u2010fold increase in subsequent age groups. Acne was 10% in the age group of 20\u201330 year and declined gradually to 0.7% in the 51\u201360\u2010year age group. Hijab wearers showed slight protection in skin colour darkening and improvement of evenness and radiance but were similar on aging (fine lines and wrinkles on crow's feet, under eye and peri\u2010oral areas) markers to non\u2010wearers. In general, in majority of age\u2010groups, hijab wearers showed a higher prevalence of melasma, solar\/senile lentigines, seborrheic keratosis and PIH.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/srt.13189","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,4]],"date-time":"2022-07-04T11:28:13Z","timestamp":1656934093000},"page":"719-728","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Facial skin characteristics and concerns in Indonesia: A cross\u2010sectional observational study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Yaping","family":"Du","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Unilever R&amp;D Shanghai  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chandraprabha","family":"Doraiswamy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unilever R&amp;D Bangalore  Bangalore India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Mao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unilever R&amp;D Shanghai  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qian","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unilever R&amp;D Shanghai  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unilever R&amp;D Shanghai  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zheng","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unilever R&amp;D Shanghai  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renuka","family":"Vasantharaghavan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unilever R&amp;D Bangalore  Bangalore India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7725-125X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manoj Kumar","family":"Joshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unilever R&amp;D Bangalore  Bangalore India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","first-page":"351","article-title":"Comparison of age\u2010related changes in wrinkling and sagging of the skin in Caucasian females and in Japanese females","volume":"55","author":"Tsukahara K","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Cosmet Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","first-page":"55","volume-title":"Photoaging","author":"Halder RM","year":"2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2005.06.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2007.03.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","unstructured":"RigalJD YarhiC RessayeC et\u00a0al.Comparison of skin ageing related variations between Caucasians and Asian. 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