{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,14]],"date-time":"2025-05-14T02:02:59Z","timestamp":1747188179392,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,5]],"date-time":"2022-07-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656979200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Skin Research and Technology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>As people have regularly worn facial masks due to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID\u201019) pandemic, mask\u2010wear\u2010related adverse effects on the skin have been recognized. The aim of this study was to explore skin changes, their seasonal variations in the general population caused by commonly used masks and a possible mechanism underlying negative effects of mask\u2010wearing.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Eighteen Japanese females participated in the study during summer and winter in Japan. Skin characteristics were measured in the non\u2010mask\u2010wearing preauricular area and the mask\u2010wearing cheek and perioral areas.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Trans\u2010epidermal water loss (TEWL) on the cheek area tended to be increased in winter, which was positively correlated with skin scaliness on the same area. Ceramide (CER) content and composition in the mask\u2010covered stratum corneum (SC) were slightly changed between summer and winter, and CER [NP]\/[NS] ratio was negatively correlated with the TEWL on the perioral skin in winter. Skin hydration and sebum secretion were higher on the cheek compared to the perioral area in summer. Skin redness was particularly high on the cheek in winter.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Mask\u2010wear\u2010related skin changes were season\u2010 and facial site\u2010specific, and alterations in SC CER may play a role in barrier\u2010related skin problems caused by mask use.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/srt.13196","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,5]],"date-time":"2022-07-05T15:02:45Z","timestamp":1657033365000},"page":"749-758","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Season\u2010 and facial site\u2010specific skin changes due to long\u2010term mask wearing during the COVID\u201019 pandemic"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Tomomi","family":"Nakamura","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biological Science Research Kao Corporation  Odawara\u2010shi Kanagawa 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