{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T20:04:58Z","timestamp":1792440298481,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,9]],"date-time":"2022-10-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1665273600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Skin Research and Technology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Although skin color has been suggested to be associated with the risk of some chronic disease, there has been no validated visual skin\u2010color scale, with which subjects can self\u2010report their skin color. Our objective was to develop a visual skin color evaluation scale for self\u2010reporting that would be useful in large\u2010scale epidemiological studies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Study participants were 99 university Japanese students aged 19\u201329. We developed a skin color evaluation scale consisting of six colors from light to dark. Participants were asked to choose one color that was the closest to their skin color. Their skin color was measured on the back of the hand and the inner upper arm by an examiner using a narrowband reflective spectrophotometer. Self\u2010reported skin color was compared with the melanin and erythema indices.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Spearman's rank correlation coefficients of self\u2010reported color with the melanin index after adjusted for age, temperature, and humidity were moderate but significant at both sites for both men and women. The correlation coefficients with the erythema index were significant only on the back of the hand for men. The higher melanin index was significantly associated with the darker skin color in both sexes for both sites. The erythema index showed such a significant trend only in men and not in women.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The validity of the skin color chart was moderate of melanin among Japanese people. It may be useful for large population studies examining the relationships between skin color and health outcomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/srt.13207","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,10]],"date-time":"2022-10-10T11:27:19Z","timestamp":1665401239000},"page":"827-832","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Validity of self\u2010reported skin color by using skin color evaluation scale"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7735-0768","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuma","family":"Nakashima","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine  Gifu Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keiko","family":"Wada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine  Gifu Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michiyo","family":"Yamakawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine  Gifu Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chisato","family":"Nagata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine  Gifu Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.71.6.614"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabet.2016.04.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10903-016-0495-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci12050620"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.36.2.296"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2006.11.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-14-0269"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2013.6101"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5154.135476"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/phpp.12191"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jan.12974"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/srt.12215"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"SachdevaS.Fitzpatrick skin typing: applications in dermatology.Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol. 2009;75:93\u201096.","DOI":"10.4103\/0378-6323.45238"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1346-8138.15750"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","article-title":"Action spectrum for melanin pigmentation to ultraviolet light, and Japanese skin typing","volume":"15","author":"Naruse K","year":"1986","journal-title":"Brown Melanoderma Biol Dis Epidermal Pigment"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","article-title":"Application of a pigment measuring device \u2010 Mexameter\u00ae \u2010 for the differential diagnosis of vitiligo and nevus depigmentosus","volume":"12","author":"Park ES","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ski Res Technol"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/srt.12705"}],"container-title":["Skin Research and 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