{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]],"date-time":"2026-01-30T17:49:06Z","timestamp":1769795346397,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,7]],"date-time":"2022-12-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1670371200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Skin Research and Technology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Studies on facial hyperpigmentation across different facial units are limiting. We aimed to analyze melanin pigmentation images to observe facial pigmentary demarcation lines (FPDLs) and suggest facial hyperpigmentation types for normal individuals.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>3D facial melanin pigmentation images of 173 volunteers were obtained and analyzed for the presence of FPDLs. Pigmentation severity was assessed for each of the thirteen facial pigment units. The images were then grouped according to a pattern of hyperpigmentation to suggest three facial hyperpigmentation types\u2014dark spot, photoaging and post\u2010inflammatory hyperpigmentation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Four groups of FPDLs including a novel group I were observed. Nasal, frontal, auricular were the darkest pigmented facial pigment unit, and the anterior neck was the least pigmented. The dark spot type was the most common facial hyperpigmentation type. The photoaging type and the PIH type showed age\u2010dependent distribution, as the photoaging type was more common among the subjects over 40s, and the PIH type was more common in younger subjects.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Facial hyperpigmentation among healthy individuals with Fitzpatrick skin types II\u2010IV is often accompanied by FPDLs and categorized into three types. Each type is modeled after the pattern of pigmentation associated with certain dermatological disorders. The practical implications of facial hyperpigmentation types can be resourceful in various fields including prevention and treatment of pigmentary disorders.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/srt.13251","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,7]],"date-time":"2022-12-07T16:18:08Z","timestamp":1670429888000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Proposal of facial pigmentary unit and facial hyperpigmentation type for Fitzpatrick skin types II\u2010IV"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Seung\u2010Min","family":"Oh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology College of Medicine Kyung Hee University  Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ye Eun","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermapro Skin Research Center DERMAPRO Ltd.  Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Min Ji","family":"Ko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermapro Skin Research Center DERMAPRO Ltd.  Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6326-843X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ji Hwoon","family":"Baek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermapro Skin Research Center DERMAPRO Ltd.  Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Min Kyung","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology College of Medicine Kyung Hee University  Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2017.09.039"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000018473"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dth.14515"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000018330"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","first-page":"336","article-title":"Pigmentary demarcation lines over the face","volume":"70","author":"Somani VK","year":"2004","journal-title":"Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19092668"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","first-page":"49","article-title":"Periorbital hyperpigmentation: a comprehensive review","volume":"9","author":"Sarkar R","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Clin Aesthet Dermatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1994.tb04975.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.12536"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5021\/ad.2016.28.2.152"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1346-8138.12679"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.14010"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.23025"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.12307"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","first-page":"9","article-title":"Bioengineering methods and instrumentation of the skin color","volume":"11","author":"Back JH","year":"2014","journal-title":"Korean J Cosmet Dermatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/srt.12199"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"RBX\u00ae Technology Overview","volume":"1","author":"Demirli R","year":"2007","journal-title":"Canfield Systems White Paper"}],"container-title":["Skin Research and Technology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/srt.13251","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/srt.13251","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/srt.13251","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,20]],"date-time":"2023-08-20T19:21:09Z","timestamp":1692559269000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/srt.13251"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,7]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/srt.13251"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/srt.13251","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0909-752X","1600-0846"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0909-752X","type":"print"},{"value":"1600-0846","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-01-28","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-11-22","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-12-07","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e13251"}}