{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T22:56:32Z","timestamp":1788303392684,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,16]],"date-time":"2023-03-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1678924800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":15,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,1]],"date-time":"2023-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677628800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Skin Research and Technology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Persons with cosmetic tattoos occasionally experience severe pain and burning sensation on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To explore the culprit magnetic substances in commonly used permanent makeup inks.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Material and methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>20 inks used for cosmetic tattooing of eyebrows, eyeliners, and lips were selected. Ink bottles were tested for magnetic behavior with a neodymium magnet. Eight iron oxide inks qualified for the final study. Metals were analyzed by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP\u2010MS). The magnetic fraction of inks was isolated and analyzed by X\u2010ray fluorescence\u00a0(XRF). Magnetic iron compounds were characterized by M\u00f6ssbauer spectroscopy and powder X\u2010ray diffraction (XRD).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>ICP\u2010MS showed iron in all magnetic samples, and some nickel and chromium. M\u00f6ssbauer spectroscopy and XRD detected ferromagnetic minerals, particularly magnetite, followed by goethite and hematite.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This original study of cosmetic ink stock products made with iron oxide pigments reports magnetic impurities in inks for cosmetic tattooing, e.g., magnetite, goethite, and hematite. These may be the main cause of MRI burn sensation in cosmetic tattoos. The mechanism behind sensations is hypothesized to be induction of electrical stimuli of axons from periaxonal pigment\/impurity activated by magnetic force. Magnetite is considered the lead culprit.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/srt.13281","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,17]],"date-time":"2023-03-17T00:35:08Z","timestamp":1679013308000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["On the mechanism of painful burn sensation in tattoos on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Magnetic substances in tattoo inks used for permanent makeup (PMU) identified: Magnetite, goethite, and hematite"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"J\u00f8rgen","family":"Serup","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Tattoo Clinic, Department of Dermatology Copenhagen University Hospital, Bispebjerg  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kasper K\u00f8hler","family":"Alsing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Tattoo Clinic, Department of Dermatology Copenhagen University Hospital, Bispebjerg  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ole","family":"Olsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medico Chemical Lab  Vedb\u00e6k Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian Bender","family":"Koch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry Copenhagen University  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rasmus Hvass","family":"Hansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section for Radiation Therapy, Department of Oncology, Center for Cancer and Organ Diseases Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2323030830"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2018.06.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","unstructured":"JacobsenE T\u00f8nningK PedersenE et\u00a0al.Chemical Substances in Tattoo Ink 2012. Accessed December 12. 2022https:\/\/www2.mst.dk\/udgiv\/publications\/2012\/03\/978\u201087\u201092779\u201087\u20108.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000369196"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000369647"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0284185120910427"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/srt.12426"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.14403"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.06.5082"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","first-page":"197","article-title":"Tattoo\u2010related cutaneous inflammation (burn grade I) in a mid\u2010field MR scanner","volume":"10","author":"Vahlensieck M","year":"2000","journal-title":"ER"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4045\/tidsskr.12.0480"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-199705010-00037"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","unstructured":"SerupJ HarritN TrolleJ M\u00f8hlLB OlsenO WesthH.Tattoos\u2014health risks and culture. 2015. Accessed December 14.2022.https:\/\/vidensraad.dk\/sites\/default\/files\/node\/field_downloads\/vidensraad_tatovering_engelsk_0.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","article-title":"Tattoo ink, magnetism, and sensation of burn during magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)\u2014with introduction of hand\u2010held magnet testing of commercial tattoo ink stock products prior to use","volume":"56","author":"Johannesen HH","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr Probl Dermatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022112067001697"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3894(00)00330-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2014.05.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rehab.2015.04.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rehab.2015.05.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","article-title":"MRI\u2010Induced neurosensory events in decorative black tattoos: study by advanced experimental methods","author":"Alsing KK","journal-title":"Case Rep Dermatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","unstructured":"AlsingKK..Tattoo study by electron microscopy in progress(unpublished data)."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000450780"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000452148"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.measurement.2020.107668"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000369195"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1992.tb00654.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000369319"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","first-page":"257","article-title":"Photosensitivity and photodynamic events in black, red, and blue tattoos are common. A \u201cbeach study\u201d","volume":"20","author":"Hutton Carlsen K","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-021-08160-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12989-019-0317-1"}],"container-title":["Skin Research and Technology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/srt.13281","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/srt.13281","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/srt.13281","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T23:53:56Z","timestamp":1773014036000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/srt.13281"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/srt.13281"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/srt.13281","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0909-752X","1600-0846"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0909-752X","type":"print"},{"value":"1600-0846","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-01-03","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-01-06","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-03-16","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e13281"}}