{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,6]],"date-time":"2026-06-06T19:21:37Z","timestamp":1780773697331,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,4]],"date-time":"2023-07-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1688428800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,1]],"date-time":"2023-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1688169600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Skin Research and Technology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Salicylic acid has been used as an anti\u2010acne agent with its comedolytic property and antimicrobial activity. However, there is a limit to use for leave\u2010on cosmetics because of the transient skin irritation and low efficacy at neutral pH condition. We prepared a salicylic acid\u2010based ionic pair with\n                      <jats:sub>L<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u2010carnitine (we named, IP\u2010BHA) overcoming the limitation of salicylic acid. We examined the effect of IP\u2010BHA as well as the combination effect with magnolol, a bioactive organic lignan, in order to clarify their efficacy as anti\u2010acne agents.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>After verifying the structure of IP\u2010BHA, we confirmed anti\u2010acne activities including the regulation of exfoliation, lipogenesis, bacterial growth, and inflammation with IP\u2010BHA and\/or magnolol.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The antibacterial activity of IP\u2010BHA and magnolol was evaluated by determining the minimum antibacterial inhibitory concentration. Magnolol showed strong activity against\n                      <jats:italic>Cutibacterium acnes<\/jats:italic>\n                      , which was better than a medical antibiotic acne drug, clindamycin. The combined application with IP\u2010BHA was more effective in antibacterial activity by 2.5 times. It was confirmed that testosterone\u2010induced lipogenesis was significantly inhibited by treatment with IP\u2010BHA and magnolol, while single treatment had no significant inhibitory effect. Interestingly, MMP\u20101 and VEGF were induced by\n                      <jats:italic>C. acnes<\/jats:italic>\n                      lysate in human keratinocytes. We found that these inflammatory molecules were completely inhibited by combined application of IP\u2010BHA and magnolol. Through ex vivo test, the dose\u2010dependent exfoliation effect of IP\u2010BHA was confirmed at pH 5.5, and the synergic exfoliation effect was shown in the combined application of IP\u2010BHA and magnolol. When topically applied, the emulsion containing IP\u2010BHA and magnolol relieved the sodium dodecyl sulfate\u2010induced erythema and improved inflamed acne with papule and pustule.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Our data demonstrate that the ionic paired salicylic acid with\n                      <jats:sub>L<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u2010carnitine can overcome the limitations of salicylic acid at low concentration and natural skin pH. Based on the dual administration effects, we suggest that IP\u2010BHA and magnolol may be the potential agent for acne by improving inflammatory skin condition.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/srt.13406","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,4]],"date-time":"2023-07-04T22:59:38Z","timestamp":1688511578000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Anti\u2010acne activity of carnitine salicylate and magnolol through the regulation of exfoliation, lipogenesis, bacterial growth and inflammation"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5161-4534","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Koo Chul","family":"Kwon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"LG Science Park R&amp;D Center of LG Household &amp; Healthcare (LG H&amp;H) Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jong Gu","family":"Won","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LG Science Park R&amp;D Center of LG Household &amp; Healthcare (LG H&amp;H) Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1012-319X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mi\u2010Sun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LG Science Park R&amp;D Center of LG Household &amp; Healthcare (LG H&amp;H) Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yong Won","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LG Science Park R&amp;D Center of LG Household &amp; Healthcare (LG H&amp;H) Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sang\u2010Wook","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LG Science Park R&amp;D Center of LG Household &amp; Healthcare (LG H&amp;H) Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Young\u2010Sook","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LG Science Park R&amp;D Center of LG Household &amp; Healthcare (LG H&amp;H) Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.12.037"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.cellbio.23.090506.123357"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006527-200501000-00006"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.13765"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4632.2011.05029.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)60321-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.NPR.0000434089.88606.70"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.12190"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1473-2165.2011.00572.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.12670"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/CCID.S84765"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2013.09.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","first-page":"455","article-title":"Salicylic acid as a peeling agent: a comprehensive review","volume":"8","author":"Tasleem A","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01061687"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12968\/joan.2013.2.2.77"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0906-6705.2005.00308.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","unstructured":"SakamotoK LochheadRY MaibachHI YamashitaY.Cosmetic Science and Technology: Theoretical Principles and Applications. 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