{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]],"date-time":"2026-03-30T03:54:46Z","timestamp":1774842886526,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,27]],"date-time":"2023-11-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701043200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Skin Research and Technology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Several studies have reported the association between pure hypercholesterolemia (PH) and psoriasis, but the causal effect remains unclear.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We explored the causal effect between PH and psoriasis using two\u2010sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis using data from genome\u2010wide association studies. Single nucleotide polymorphisms related with exposures at the genome\u2010wide significance level (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a05\u00d710<jats:sup>\u20138<\/jats:sup>) and less than the linkage disequilibrium level (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001) were chosen as instrumental variables. Subsequently, we used inverse variance weighting (IVW), MR\u2010Egger and weighted median (WM) methods for causal inference. <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05 was considered statistically significant. Heterogeneity was tested using Cochran's Q\u2010test, and horizontal pleiotropy was examined using the MR\u2010Egger intercept. Leave\u2010one\u2010out analyses were performed to assess the robustness and reliability of the results.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>MR results showed a positive causal effect of PH on psoriasis [IVW: odds ratios (OR): 1.139, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.032; MR\u2010Egger: OR: 1.434, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.035; WM: OR: 1.170, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.045] and psoriatic arthritis (PsA) (IVW: OR: 1.210, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.049; MR\u2010Egger regression: OR: 1.796, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.033; WM: OR: 1.317, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.028). However, there is no causal relationship between PH and psoriasis vulgaris as well as other unspecified psoriasis. Inverse MR results suggested a negative causal relationship between PsA and PH (IVW: OR: 0.950, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.037). No heterogeneity and horizontal pleiotropy exist, and these results were confirmed to be robust.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>PH has a positive casual effect on psoriasis and PsA, and PsA may reduce the risk of having PH.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/srt.13533","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,28]],"date-time":"2023-11-28T01:25:04Z","timestamp":1701134704000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["The causal relationship between pure hypercholesterolemia and psoriasis: A bidirectional, two\u2010sample Mendelian randomization study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1691-7521","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ruimin","family":"Bai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University  Xi'an Shaanxi China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Landong","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University  Xi'an Shaanxi China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiaqi","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University  Xi'an Shaanxi China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-5079-2461","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ningyi","family":"Xian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University  Xi'an Shaanxi China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0834-0301","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ruiting","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University  Xi'an Shaanxi China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yaxin","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University  Xi'an Shaanxi China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yilin","family":"Dai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University  Xi'an Shaanxi China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Lei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University  Xi'an Shaanxi China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University  Xi'an Shaanxi China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)61909-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2004.033217"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)32549-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-0960.1984.tb00618.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Prevalence of skin diseases in a population; a census study from the Faroe Islands","volume":"11","author":"Lomholt G","year":"1964","journal-title":"Dan Med Bull"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.m1590"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.4006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2011.10774.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2017.05.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.18245"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/srt.13457"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20184347"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1995.tb05019.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(03)01136-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2006.8.1141"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo13040493"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","first-page":"747","article-title":"Cellular and molecular links between autoimmunity and lipid metabolism","volume":"42","author":"Ryu H","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol Cells"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2006.09.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.12196"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","first-page":"373","article-title":"Psoriasis: cardiovascular risk factors and other disease comorbidities","volume":"7","author":"Wu Y","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Drugs Dermatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3349\/ymj.2003.44.1.24"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.38227"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.3255"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2017.17219"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2017.3191"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyv071"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyx028"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","first-page":"1961","article-title":"Assessing the suitability of summary data for two\u2010sample Mendelian randomization analyses using MR\u2010Egger regression: the role of the I2 statistic","volume":"45","author":"Bowden J","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-017-0255-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/gepi.21965"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyv080"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2015.07.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1505557"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-021-00293-y"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","first-page":"512","article-title":"Lipid profile in patients with psoriasis presenting at Liaquat University Hospital Hyderabad","volume":"59","author":"Bajaj DR","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Pak Med Assoc"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-8981(02)00373-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/CCLM.2002.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cbf.1553"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2006.02099.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2005.11.1079"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.13700"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1759720X21998279"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/ken090"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000369884"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2007.07835.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-032713-120225"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2230.2009.03704.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)61134-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1109997"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc1205835"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3704"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep19295"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20021425"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2007.05.040"}],"container-title":["Skin Research and Technology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/srt.13533","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,30]],"date-time":"2024-04-30T07:31:08Z","timestamp":1714462268000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/srt.13533"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,27]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/srt.13533"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/srt.13533","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0909-752X","1600-0846"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0909-752X","type":"print"},{"value":"1600-0846","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-10-17","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-11-07","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-11-27","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e13533"}}