{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T17:20:18Z","timestamp":1787505618372,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,7]],"date-time":"2024-03-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709769600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":6,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Skin Research and Technology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims and objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The purpose of this study is to investigate the effectiveness and safety of oral and injectable systemic treatments, such as methotrexate, azathioprine, cyclosporine, tofacitinib, baricitinib, corticosteroids, statins, zinc, apremilast, etc., for treating vitiligo lesions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Databases including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were meticulously searched for studies spanning from 2010 to August 2023, focusing on systemic oral and injectable therapies for vitiligo, using comprehensive keywords and search syntaxes tailored to each database. Key data extracted included study design, treatment efficacy, patient outcomes, patient satisfaction, and safety profiles.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In a total of 42 included studies, oral mini\u2010pulse corticosteroid therapy (OMP) was the subject of six studies (14.2%). Minocycline was the focus of five studies (11.9%), while methotrexate, apremilast, and tofacitinib each were examined in four studies (9.5%). Antioxidants and Afamelanotide were the subjects of three studies each (7.1%). Cyclosporine, simvastatin, oral zinc, oral corticosteroids (excluding OMP) and injections, and baricitinib were each explored in two studies (4.8%). Azathioprine, mycophenolate mofetil, and Alefacept were the subjects of one study each (2.4%).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Systemic treatments for vitiligo have been successful in controlling lesions without notable side effects. OMP, Methotrexate, Azathioprine, Cyclosporine, Mycophenolate mofetil, Simvastatin, Apremilast, Minocycline, Afamelanotide, Tofacitinib, Baricitinib, Antioxidants, and oral\/injectable corticosteroids are effective treatment methods. However, oral zinc and alefacept did not show effectiveness.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/srt.13642","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,8]],"date-time":"2024-03-08T01:14:13Z","timestamp":1709860453000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["A systematic review of case series and clinical trials investigating systemic oral or injectable therapies for the treatment of vitiligo"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5878-9778","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alireza","family":"Jafarzadeh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Rasool Akram Medical Complex Clinical Research Development Center (RCRDC) School of Medicine Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS)  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arash","family":"Pour Mohammad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine Iran University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8250-9385","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mina","family":"Khosravi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine Iran University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shila","family":"Amiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Rasool Akram Medical Complex Clinical Research Development Center (RCRDC) School of Medicine Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS)  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3627-9897","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Asma","family":"Rasouli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine Zanjan University of Medical Sciences  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